Climate change merupakan isu yang sangat relevan dan mempolarisasi di Australia. Kebijakan pengurangan produksi emisi oleh perusahaan polutan di Australia, pun menjadi salah satu isu yang memecah-belah masyarakat dan parlemen. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai penyebab pergeseran kebijakan Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) oleh Australian Labor Party menjadi kebijakan Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF) oleh the Coalition di Australia pada tahun 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep political exchange oleh Bruno Dente yang menggambarkan hubungan saling menguntungkan antara the Coalition (terdiri dari Partai Liberal dan Partai Nasional), terutama Partai Liberal, dengan kelompok pebisnis. Selain itu, teori policy regimes dan policy regime change oleh Carter A. Wilson juga digunakan untuk melihat hadirnya kelompok kepentingan dan tahapan dalam pergeseran kebijakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data dari studi literatur dan dari website institusi Australia yaitu Hansard. Berdasarkan temuan, political exchange antara the Coalition dan kelompok bisnis mendorong terciptanya keadaan dimana stressor/enablers, legitimacy crisis, dan power shifts terjadi. Dengan itu, the Coalition sebagai oposisi, melemahkan rezim kebijakan ETS oleh Australian Labor Party (ALP) sebagai pemerintah. The Coalition memiliki sumber daya, dan akan mengeksploitasi stresor melalui media yang dapat menciptakan momentum politik untuk mereka memenangkan pemilu. Setelah mereka memenangkan pemilu, terjadilah pergeseran kebijakan ETS oleh ALP menjadi ERF oleh the Coalition yang lolos melewati kedua majelis, House of Representatives dan Senat, dan disahkan oleh Governor General pada 27 November 2014.
Climate change is a highly relevant and polarizing issue in Australia. The policy of reducing emissions production by pollutant companies in Australia, has become one of the issues that divide society and parliament. This study discusses the causes of the shifting of the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) policy by the Australian Labor Party to the Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF) by the Coalition in Australia in 2014. This study used the political exchange concept by Bruno Dente which describes a mutually beneficial relationship between the Coalition (consisting of the Liberal Party and National Party), especially the Liberal Party, with business groups. In addition, Carter A. Wilson's theory of policy regimes and policy regime change was also used to see the presence of interest groups and stages in policy shifts. This study used a qualitative approach by collecting data from literature studies and from the Australian institution's website, Hansard. Based on the findings, political exchange between the Coalition and business groups encourages the creation of conditions where stressors / enablers, legitimacy crisis, and power shifts occur. With that, the Coalition as the opposition weakens the ETS policy regime by the Australian Labor Party (ALP) as the government. The Coalition has resources, and will exploit stressors through the media which can create political momentum for them to win elections. After they won the election, there was an ETS policy shift by ALP to become an ERF by the Coalition which passed through both houses, the House of Representatives and Senate, and was approved by Governor General on November 27, 2014. |
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