Hubungan antara negara dan bisnis menjadi basis institusional dari proses industrialisasi di Korea Selatan. Hubungan ini bersifat dinamis dalam menghadapi tantangan domestik dan internasional. Walaupun telah melewati reformasi ekonomi neoliberal pasca Krisis Finansial Asia, hubungan yang terbentuk di bawah model developmental state ini, ternyata berlanjut hingga ke era globalisasi kontemporer. Tulisan ini akan menjawab pertanyaan bagaimana evolusi kronologis dari hubungan negara dan bisnis dalam proses industrialisasi di Korea Selatan? Berdasarkan analisis struktural dari tiga periode industrialisasi di Korea Selatan: tahun 1961-1979, tahun 1980-1998, hingga pasca tahun 1998, ditemukan evolusi peran dan karakter dari hubungan negara dan bisnis. Pertama, hubungan negara dan bisnis diwarnai dengan karakter negara kuat, bisnis lemah yang berperan dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi pesat di Korea Selatan. Kedua, evolusi terjadi yang melihat pergeseran karakter hubungan negara dan bisnis menjadi negara melemah, bisnis menguat yang berperan dalam menyebabkan krisis berimbas bagi Korea Selatan. Terakhir, evolusi kembali terjadi dengan penetapan hubungan negara dan bisnis yang karakternya adaptif serta berperan dalam menghasilkan upaya-upaya adaptasi terhadap tantangan neoliberalisme global.
State-business relations become the institutional basis for South Korea's industrialization process. This type of state-business relations is dynamic in facing domestic and international challenges. Even though it has gone through neoliberal reforms after the Asian Financial Crisis, the relationship formed under developmental state model have continued into the contemporary era of globalization. This paper will answer the question of how the chronological evolution of state and business relations in the industrialization process in South Korea? Based on the structural analysis of the three periods of industrialization in South Korea: from 1961-1979, 1980-1998, until after 1998, the evolution of the roles and characters of the South Korean state and business relations was found. First, the relationship between the state and business is characterized by the character of strong state, weak business that plays a role in rapid economic growth in South Korea. Second, evolution occurs which sees the character of the relationship shifted into a weakening state, stronger business and has a role in causing the financial crisis in South Korea. Finally, re-evolution occurs by establishing an adaptive state-business relations in character and this relation plays a role in generating adaptation measures to the challenges of global neoliberalism. |
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