Tesis ini mengkaji kebijakan pengembangan BUM Desa di Kementerian Desa, Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal dan Transmigrasi periode tahun 2015-2018. Penelitian ini mengangkat tiga permasalahan utama yaitu (1) Bagaimana konten kebijakan pengembangan BUM Desa, (2) Bagaimana implementasi kebijakan pengembangan BUM Desa, (3) Bagaimana dampak kebijakan pengembangan BUM Desa. Teori yang digunakan sebagai pisau analisis yaitu teori konten Fischer, teori implementasi Van Mater & Van Horn, dan teori dampak Anderson, serta menggunakan kerangka evaluasi Dale sebagai metode untuk mengupas tiga permasalahan di atas. Sementara pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam, observasi, data sekunder dan dianalisis dengan teknik analisis komparatif konstan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) isi kebijakan pengembangan BUM Desa telah termuat dalam Rencana Kerja Pemerintah, RENSTRA dan RENJA Kementerian, namun program pengembangan BUM Desa belum bermuara pada grand design pola pengembangan keberlanjutan BUM Desa. (2) proses implementasi kebijakan pengembangan BUM Desa didukung oleh badan pelaksana dan regulasi, namun masih membutuhkan perbaikan sinergi unit kerja dan kolaborasi program dalam penentuan standart dan tujuan, politik kebijakan, komunikasi antar unit kerja, sikap pelaksana (unit kerja) dan dukungan sumber daya. (3) terdapat dampak positif kepada kelompok sasaran maupun non sasaran yaitu munculnya produk-produk unggulan Desa, tumbuhnya geliat ekonomi Desa serta bertambahnya aset BUM Desa. Namun disisi lain perkembangan beberapa BUM Desa cenderung mengalami stagnasi akibat ketergantungan pada bantuan pemerintah. Adapun saran peneliti sebagai rekomendasi, pertama, dibutuhkan rancangan grand design/masterplan nasional pengembangan dan penguatan BUM Desa sebagai upaya untuk menyempurnakan konten kebijakan yang ada saat ini. Kedua, memperkuat sinergi antar unit kerja dan kolaborasi program agar implementasi program dapat berjalan lebih optimal. Ketiga, diperlukan pendampingan dan pengawasan secara berkala dan berkesinambungan agar dapat mendorong manfaat positif dari program.
This thesis examined the BUM Desa development policy in the Ministry of Village, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration for the period of 2015-2018. This study raised three main problems, namely (1) How was the content of BUM Desa development policy, (2) How was the implementation of BUM Desa development policy, (3) How was the impact of BUM Desa development policy. The theory used as an analysis knife, namely Fischer's content theory, implementation theory of Van Mater & Van Horn, and Andersons impact theory, and used Dale evaluation framework as a method to explore the three problems above. While data collection used in-depth interview techniques, observations, secondary data and analyzed by constant comparative analysis techniques. The results of this study indicated that (1) the contents of the BUM Desa development policy are contained in the Government Work Plan, RENSTRA and RENJA of the Ministry, but the BUM Desa development program has not yet led to the grand design of BUM Desas sustainable development pattern. (2) the process of implementing the BUM Desa development policy was supported by implementing agencies and regulations, but still requires the improvement of synergy from working unit and program collaboration in setting standards and objectives, policy politics, communication between working units, implementing attitudes (working units) and resource support . (3) there was a positive impact on the target and non-target groups, namely the emergence of superior Village products, the growth of the stretching economy of the village and the increase in assets of BUM Desa. However, on the other hand the development of several BUM Desa tends to stagnate due to dependence on government assistance. As for researchers recommendations. First, it is necessary to design a national grand design/master plan for the development and strengthening BUM Desa as an effort to improve the content of existing policies. Second, strengthen synergy between work units and program collaboration so that program implementation can run more optimally. Third, regular and continuous assistance and supervision are needed to encourage positive benefits from the program. |
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