Hingga akhir abad ke-19, perempuan Indonesia masih mengalami ketertinggalan dan diskriminasi dalam kehidupan pernikahan maupun kehidupan keluarga. Saat Politis Etis diterapkan di Indonesia pada awal abad ke-20, para elit baru yang lahir sebagai dampak kebijakan tersebut mulai bergerak memperjuangkan kepentingan bangsanya. Munculnya organisasi terpelajar membuat kaum perempuan ikut mengembangkan pergerakannya melalui organisasi. Wanito Oetomo adalah salah satu organisasi perempuan di masa kebangkitan nasional yang berdiri tahun 1921 di Yogyakarta. Pada 22-25 Desember 1928, Wanito Oetomo bersama beberapa organisasi perempuan lainnya berhasil mengadakan Kongres Perempuan Indonesia I di Yogyakarta. Salah satu hasil kongres adalah pendirian organisasi fusi bernama Perikatan Perempoean Indonesia (PPI). Melalui serangkaian metode sejarah, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perkembangan organisasi Wanito Oetomo dalam pergerakan perempuan di Indonesia yang dilihat melalui perannya dalam penyelenggaraan Kongres Perempuan Indonesia I hingga berakhirnya masa kepemimpinan Ny. Soekonto sebagai Ketua PPI tahun 1930, serta dampak yang ditimbulkan kongres terhadap organisasi ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Wanito Oetomo berhasil memposisikan organisasinya untuk berperan penting saat penyelenggaraan kongres sehingga menguatkan partisipasinya dalam pergerakan perempuan saat itu. Namun, organisasi ini mulai meredup dalam pergerakan perempuan Indonesia karena tidak adanya regenerasi anggota muda, para anggota tidak hanya terfokus pada organisasi ini, serta ketidakinginan untuk mengikuti perubahan zaman.
Until the end of the 19th century, Indonesian women still experienced lags and discrimination in married life and family life. When Ethical Politics was implemented in Indonesia at the beginning of the 20th century, new elites born as a result of the policy began to move to fight for the interests of their nation. The emergence of educated organizations makes women participate in developing their movements through organizations. Wanito Oetomo was one of the womens organizations in the national awakening period which was founded in 1921 in Yogyakarta. On December 22-25, 1928, Wanito Oetomo together with several other womens organizations succeeded in holding the first Indonesian Womens Congress in Yogyakarta. One of the results of the congress was the establishment of a fusion organization called Perikatan Perempoean Indonesia (PPI). Through a series of historical methods, this study aims to explain the development of the Wanito Oetomo organization in the womens movement in Indonesia which is seen through its role in organizing the first Indonesian Womens Congress until the end of Ny. Soekonto served as Chair of the PPI in 1930, and the impact of the congress on this organization. The results of the study showed that Wanito Oetomo succeeded in positioning their organization to play an important role during the congress which strengthened their participation in the womens movement at that time. However, this organization began to fade in the Indonesian womens movement because of the lack of regeneration of young members, the members were not only focused on this organization, and were unwilling to follow the changing times. |
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