Latar belakang: : Gangguan spektrum autisme (GSA) adalah gangguanneurodevelopmental yang menyebabkan gangguan komunikasi sosial, interaksi sertaperilaku restriktif dan repetitif yang meliputi gangguan sensori. Gangguan pemrosesansensorik menimbulkan kesulitan dalam meregulasi respons terhadap sensasi dan stimulusspesifik sehingga membatasi kemampuan berpartisipasi dalam rutinitas harian normal.Terapi okupasi sensori integrasi (TO-SI) digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuanuntuk memproses dan mengintegrasi informasi sensorik. Penelitian menunjukkan buktiilmiah rendah hingga sedang pada anak usia lebih besar. Berdasarkan pengalaman klinisPusponegoro, TO-SI dapat meningkatkan perilaku positif anak GSA terutama pada usiadi bawah 5 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh TO-SI dalammeningkatkan perilaku positif anak usia 2 sampai 5 tahun dengan GSA.Metode: Penelitian pra-eksperimen di klinik Check My Child (CMC) dan Klinik AnakkuKelapa Gading pada bulan Maret-Oktober 2019. Populasi penelitian adalah anak barudengan GSA usia 2-5 tahun berdasarkan DSM-5. Subyek dikumpulkan secara konsekutifsampling. Pelaksanan TO-SI yaitu dua kali seminggu selama 12 minggu (24 kali), 60menit untuk setiap sesi. Profil perilaku dinilai berdasarkan Vineland Adaptive Behavior-II sebelum dan sesudah TO-SI.Hasil: Penelitian dilakukan pada 36 subjek, 38,9% berusia 3 tahun diikuti usia 2 tahun(33,3%), rasio lelaki dibandingkan perempuan 3 : 1. Sebelum TO-SI, perilaku positifberada pada kategori rendah. Setelah TO-SI, terdapat peningkatan bermakna domainkomunikasi, subdomain ekspresif, reseptif dan tertulis (p<0,001; p<0,001; p<0,001; p0,035) terutama pada kelompok usia 2-4 tahun. Domain sosialisasi, subdomain hubunganinterpersonal serta subdomain waktu luang dan bermain juga meningkat bermakna (p0.001; p<0.001; p,0.001) terutama pada kelompok usia 2 tahun. Tidak terdapatpeningkatan bermakna pada subdomain kemampuan coping, serta domain dan subdomainketerampilan aktivitas harian.Kesimpulan: Kami menemukan bahwa TO-SI dengan kepatuhan teori Ayres yang baikdalam 60 menit, dua kali seminggu selama 12 minggu dapat meningkatkan perilakupositif anak GSA usia dini terutama usia 2 hingga 5 tahun
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmentaldisorder in social communication, interaction, and restrictive, repetitive pattern ofbehavior (including sensory disorder). Sensory processing disorder yields difficulty inregulating responses to sensation and spesific stimuli which limits the ability toparticipate in normal life routines. Sensory integration occupational therapy (SI-OT) is amethod to increase ability to process and integrate sensory information. Most studiesshowed that SI-OT has low to moderate evidence in older children. Based on clinicalexperience of Pusponegoro, SI-OT might be useful for ASD treatment for children under5 years old. We conducted a study to evaluate the effect of SI-OT in improving positivebehavior of children aged 2 to 5 years old with ASD.Methods: A pre-post one group pre-experimental study conducted in Check My Childclinic (CMC) and Klinik Anakku Kelapa Gading on March-October 2019. Studypopulation were recently diagnosed ASD children aged 2 to 5 years old. Subjects werecollected with consecutive sampling. The SI-OT were applied twice a week for 12 weeks(24 times), 60 minutes for each session. Pre and post SI-OT evaluation of positivebehavior profiles were assessed with Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-II tool.Results: A total of 36 ASD subjects aged 2 to 5 years old were studied. Most subjectswere 3 years old followed by 2 years old (38.9%; 33.3%), boys to girl ratio were 3 to 1.The characateristics of positive bahaviors were all in low category before SI-OT. AfterSI-OT, communication domain and subdomains (expressive, receptive, writtensubdomain) were improved significantly (p<0.001; p<0.001; p<0.001; p 0.035). Theseimprovement were available in age group of 2,3, and 4 years old. Significantimprovements were also achieved in socialization domain (p 0.001) includinginterpersonal relationship subdomain (p<0.001), play and leisure time sudomain(p<0.001), especially in age group of 2 years old. In contrary, subdomain coping skill,daily living skills domain and subdomains were not improving significantly.Conclusions: Good fidelity of Ayres theory SI-OT in 60 minutes, twice a week for 12weeks could improve positive behavior, in communication domain (expressive, receptive,written subdomain) aged 2-4 years old, and socialization domain (interpersonalrelationship, play and leisure time) aged 2 years old. |
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