Pengembangan manfaat tumbuhan obat dimulai dengan mengumpulkan informasi dari pengetahuan lokal yang dimiliki berbagai etnis. Salah satu etnis yang unik di Indonesia adalah etnis Minangkabau yang berasal dari Nagari Tuo Pariangan karena memiliki sistem matrilineal. Berdasarkan survey pendahuluan diketahui bahwa sebagian besar tumbuhan obat di Nagari Tuo Pariangan dibudidayakan di pekarangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengetahuan tradisional masyarakat mengenai tumbuhan obat dan potensi pekarangan sebagai kawasan konservasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama sembilan bulan pada bulan Januari sampai September 2019. Pengambilan data etnobotani dilakukan dengan wawancara semiterstruktur pada 7 orang informan kunci dan 46 orang responden umum. Pengambilan data etnoekologi pekarangan dilakukan dengan analisis vegetasi pada 30 buah rumah. Data etnobotani diolah dengan menghitung Use Value (UV), Index of Cultural Significance (ICS), dan Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC). Data etnoekologi diolah dengan menghitung Indeks Nilai Penting (INP), Indeks Keanekaragaman (H), Indeks Kemerataan (e), dan Kekayaan Spesies (DMg). Analisis data dilakukan secara statistika deskriptif. Masyarakat memanfaatkan 139 spesies tumbuhan obat yang tergolong ke dalam 110 genus dan 59 famili. Tumbuhan obat digunakan untuk mengobati 73 jenis penyakit yang dikelompokkan menjadi 10 kategori. Curcuma longa, Kalanchoe laciniata, Zingiber officinale, dan Orthosiphon aristatus merupakan tumbuhan obat dengan UV, ICS, dan RFC yang tinggi. Sebagian besar tumbuhan obat menurut masyarakat memiliki UV, ICS, dan RFC yang termasuk ke dalam kategori rendah sehingga perlu dikonservasi. Masyarakat menanam 197 sepesies tanaman di pekarangan, termasuk ke dalam 148 genus dan 67 famili. Jumlah spesies tanaman terbanyak ditemukan di pekarangan Jorong Pariangan (117 spesies), sementara persentase tanaman obat tertinggi ditemukan di pekarangan Jorong Guguak (65,6%). Indeks keanekaragaman, kemerataan, dan kekayaan spesies tanaman obat di pekarangan yang tergolong tinggi membuktikan bahwa masyarakat Nagari Tuo Pariangan menanam cukup banyak spesies tanaman obat. Pekarangan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai kawasan konservasi tanaman obat.
Development of the benefits of medicinal plants begins with gathering information from local knowledge held by various ethnic groups. One of the unique ethnic groups in Indonesia is the Minangkabau ethnic originating from Nagari Tuo Pariangan because it has matrilineal system. Based on preliminary surveys it is known that most of the medicinal plants in Nagari Tuo Pariangan are cultivated in the yard. The purpose of this study is to examine the traditional knowledge of community about medicinal plants and the potential of yard as a conservation area. The research was conducted for nine months from January to September 2019. The collection of ethnobotanical data was carried out by semistructured interviews with 7 key informants and 46 general respondents. Ethnoecological data was collected by analyzing vegetation in 30 houses. Ethnobotanical data was processed by calculating the Use Value (UV), Index of Cultural Significance (ICS), and Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), while ethnoecological data is processed by calculating the Importance Value Index (INP), Diversity Index (H), Evenness Index (e), and Species Richness (DMg). Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics. The community utilizes 139 species of medicinal plants belonging to 110 genera and 59 families. Medicinal plants are used to treat 73 types of diseases which are grouped into 10 categories. Curcuma longa, Kalanchoe laciniata, Zingiber officinale, and Orthosiphon aristatus are medicinal plants with high UV, ICS, and RFC. Most of the medicinal plants according to the community have UV, ICS, and RFC which are included in the low category, so it needs to be conserved. The community planted 197 species in the yard, including 148 genera and 67 families. The highest number of plant species was found in Jorong Pariangan (117 species), while the highest percentage of medicinal plants was found in Jorong Guguak (65.6%). Index of diversity, evenness, and richness of medicinal plants in the yard which are classified as high prove that Nagari Tuo Pariangan community plant quite a number of medicinal plants. The yard can be used as conservation area for medicinal plants. |
T54887-Wika Mardhiyah.pdf :: Unduh