Kesehatan merupakan hak dasar manusia yang harus dipenuhi dan terus ditingkatkan kualitasnya. Untuk menjaga kualitas layanan kesehatan bagi masyarakat merupakan tantangan besar. Salah satu aktivitas untuk menjaga kualitas layanan kesehatan adalah memastikan ketersediaan obat. Di Indonesia, sejak tahun 2010, pemerintah mewajibkan penggunaan obat generik dalam layanan kesehatan pemerintah. Dengan demikian, pasokan obat generik harus dapat memenuhi permintaan pada waktu, jumlah dan kualitas yang tepat. Namun, dalam praktiknya, pasokan obat generik dalam sistem pengadaan pemerintah melalui e-catalogue belum 100% memenuhi permintaan obat generik dari fasilitas kesehatan. Kekosongan obat generik dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor termasuk risiko dalam aktivitas rantai pasoknya. Risiko rantai pasok dapat memengaruhi kontinuitas aliran informasi, material dan produk dari pemasok awal hingga proses pengiriman ke pembeli sehingga dapat menghambat ketersediaan pasokan obat generik. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan model manajemen risiko rantai pasok obat generik di Indonesia sehingga dapat mengidentifikasi, menilai, memprioritaskan serta menyusun strategi mitigasi risiko yang mungkin dapat terjadi di setiap aktor rantai pasok obat generik. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah MCDM (Multiple-criteria decision analysis) DANP (DEMATEL based ANP) dan ISM (Interpretive Structural Modelling). DANP digunakan untuk menilai serta mempriotitisasikan risiko sedangkan ISM digunakan untuk menyusun strategi mitigasi risiko yang sudah diprioritaskan.
Health is a basic human right that should maintain and continuously improve in quality. To maintain the quality of health services for the citizen is a big challenge. One of the activities to support the preservation of the quality of health services is the supply continuity of medicines. In Indonesia, since 2010, the government has been encouraging the prescription of medicines by their generic names in all public facilities and pharmacists are allowed to choose the generic substitution for the prescribed non-generic medicines. Then, generic medicines supply chain should be able to meet the demand at the right time in the right quantity and the right quality. In practice, the supply of generic medicines in the government purchasing system of health services, which has been done in online system, has not 100% met the demand of health facilities. Generic medicines shortages can be caused by many factors, including the risks in generic medicines supply chain activities. Risks, which occur in supply chain activities, can affect the flow continuity of information, materials, and products, from the initial pemasok to the delivery of the products, which can hinder the supply of generic medicines. For this reason, supply chain risk management of generic medicines are important to keep the generic medicines supply. However, study about generic medicines supply chain risk in Indonesia are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify, priotize and mitigate the supply chain risks of general medicines. The results showed that supply chain risks of generic medicines that involve in the activities are demand risks, pemasok risks, transportation risks, information flow risks, financial risks, quality risks, inventory risks, production risks, and environment, social and regulation risks. Multi-criteria decision making methods which used in thise study were DANP (DEMATEL based ANP) and ISM (Intrepretive Strucural Modelling). DANP was used to priotize risks, meanwhile ISM was used to obtain hierarchy model of mitigation strategy. |
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