Rumah sakit merupakan salah satu penyelenggara pelayanan kesehatan yang dalam kegiatan pelayanannya, menghasilkan sejumlah limbah yang diantaranya adalah limbah medis. Penelitian ini membahas pengelolaan limbah medis rumah sakit pada kondisi darurat pandemi viruskorona (COVID-19). Tujuan dari penelitian ini ingin mengetahui aspek yang akan diteliti meliputi karakteristik limbah medis (jenis, sumber, dan jumlah timbulan), aspek regulasi, aspek sumber daya (petugas pengelola, sarana dan prasarana, serta keuangan), dan aspek teknis (pemilahan, penyimpanan, pengangkutan, pengolahan, penguburan, penimbunan). Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif observatif. Data dan informasi yang digunakan berasal dari wawancara tiga institusi, observasi melalui data webinar, peraturan dan pedoman pengelolaan limbah, serta dokumen tahun 2019 hingga 2020 dari Instalasi Kesehatan Lingkungan Rumah Sakit Kepresidenan RSPAD Gatot Soebroto. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam kondisi darurat pandemi COVID-19 jumlah timbulan limbah nasional diperkirakan naik 30%, namun di RS Kepresidenan RSPAD Gatot Soebroto terjadi penurunan. Jenis dan sumber limbah yang dihasilkan paling banyak limbah infeksius seperti APD dan berasal dari unit perawatan rawat inap. Regulasi yang digunakan mengacu pada PermenLHK No. 56 Tahun 2015. Kapasitas pengolahan limbah di Indonesia masih kurang. Sarana dan prasarana yang digunakan sama dengan keadaan normal hanya ditambah desinfektan. Dana yang dibutuhkan untuk mengelola limbah ditanggung oleh setiap rumah sakit. Teknis pengelolaan limbah medis COVID-19 rumah sakit secara prinsip sama dengan pengelolaan limbah pada kondisi normal. Perbedaan pengelolaan limbah medis sebelum dan saat pandemi COVID-19 terdapat pada karakteristik limbah dan aspek sumber daya.
The hospital is one of the health service providers which in its service activities generates a number of wastes, including medical waste. This study discusses the management of hospital medical waste in a pandemic virus corona emergency (COVID-19). The purpose of this study is to find out aspects that will be examined include the characteristics of medical waste (type, source, and amount of generation), regulatory aspects, aspects of resources (management officers, facilities and infrastructure, and finance), and technical aspects (sorting, storage, transportation, processing, burial, landfill). This research method is a qualitative research with descriptive observational analysis. The data and information used came from interviews of three institutions, observations through webinar data, regulations and waste management guidelines, as well as documents from 2019 to 2020 from the Environmental Health Installation of the Presidential Hospital of Gatot Soebroto Hospital. The results of this study indicate that in an emergency condition the COVID-19 pandemic the number of national waste generation is estimated to increase by 30%, but in the Presidential Hospital of Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital there is a decrease. The types and sources of waste produced are most infectious waste such as PPE and are from inpatient care units. The regulation used refers to PermenLHK No. 56 of 2015. Waste treatment capacity in Indonesia is still lacking. The facilities and infrastructure used are the same as in normal conditions only with disinfectant added. The funds needed to manage waste are borne by each hospital. Technical management of hospital medical waste of COVID-19 is in principle the same as waste management under normal conditions. Differences in management of medical waste before and during the COVID-19 pandemic are in the characteristics of waste and resource aspects. |
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