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Telah dilakukan suatu studi etnoekologi untuk mengungkap hubungan suku asli di sekitarkawasan Taman Nasional Wasur (TNW) dengan lanskap budaya mereka melalui tigasumbu pendekatan etnoekologi yaitu kosmos (sistem kepercayaan), corpus (pengetahuanekologis), dan praxis (pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya). Data dalam penelitianini diperoleh melalui kombinasi metode ekologi, antropologi, dan linguistik.Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui wawancara semi-struktural, diskusi kelompokterfokus (DKT), metode distribusi kerikil, dan survei lapangan dengan teknik walktransectand free-listing serta observasi bebas. Hasil studi mengungkapkan bahwa sukuasli di sekitar kawasan TNW memiliki dasar penguasaan lanskap budaya yang diinisiasioleh kosmos yang juga mempengaruhi corpus serta praxis. Corpus suku asli di sekitarkawasan TNW tentang etnoekotop (satuan-satuan lanskap utama) menunjukan kesamaankonsep berdasarkan fisiografi kawasan yang sama dari dataran rendah aluvial yang secaramusiman dipengaruhi genangan air. Corpus suku asli tentang asosiasi vegetasi denganmasing-masing etnoekotop diidentifikasi secara perseptual berdasarkan persepsi budayadan alamiah berdasarkan indikator spesies. Praxis suku asli dipengaruhi oleh kosmosmelalui hubungan Dema-totem-klan yaitu suatu struktur dasar komunitas suku asli yangberhubungan dengan mitologi asal-usul yang mengatur pengelolaan dan pemanfaatansumber daya hayati sehingga terbentuk suatu tatanan kehidupan yang harmonis. Praxissuku asli juga dipengaruhi kosmos dengan adanya penentuan areal-areal sakral, sistemsasi (sar), dan aktivitas budidaya tumbuhan simbolik. Dalam hubungan budaya denganlingkungan, aktivitas subsisten suku asli tidak secara mutlak dipengaruhi olehlingkungan. Mereka mampu mengembangkan teknologi adaptasi melalui pengetahuanyang diperoleh dari pemahaman tentang alam lingkungan merekaAn ethnoecological study has been carried out to reveal the relationship of indigenoustribes around the Wasur National Park (WNP) area with their cultural landscape throughthree axes of an ethnoecological approach, namely kosmos (belief system), corpus(ecological knowledge), and praxis (resource management and utilization). The data inthis study were obtained through a combination of ecological, anthropological, andlinguistic methods. Data collection was obtained through semi-structural interviews,focus group discussions (FGD), pebble distribution methods (PDM), and field surveysusing walk-transect and free-listing techniques as well as free observation. The results ofthe study reveal that the indigenous tribes around the WNP area have a basic mastery ofthe cultural landscape initiated by the kosmos which also affects the corpus and praxis.The corpus of indigenous tribes around the WNP area regarding ethnoecotopes (mainlandscape units) shows a similarity in concept based on the physiography of the same areaof the alluvial lowlands which are seasonally influenced by waterlogging. Indigenouscorpus about vegetation association with each ethnoecotope identified perceptually basedon cultural and natural perceptions based on species indicators. Indigenous Praxis isinfluenced by the kosmos through the Dema-totem-clan relationship, which is a basicstructure of indigenous tribal communities associated with the mythology of originswhich regulates the management and use of biological resources so as to form aharmonious life order. Indigenous praxis is also influenced by the kosmos by determiningsacred areas, the sasi system (sar), and symbolic plant cultivation activities. In therelationship between culture and environment, the subsistence activities of indigenouspeople are not absolutely influenced by the environment. They are able to developadaptation technologies through knowledge gained from an understanding of their naturalenvironment. |
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