Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk dan penyebab kesalahan pelafalan bunyi frikatif yang dilakukan oleh pemelajar pemula bahasa Jerman. Objek penelitian ini adalah bunyi frikatif bahasa Jerman dengan sumber data berupa rekaman suara responden. Data diambil menggunakan metode simak dengan teknik simak bebas libat cakap dan teknik catat. Catatan hasil menyimak dianalisis menggunakan teori analisis kesalahan bahasa dan interferensi oleh Kleppin, Tarigan, dan Ternes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kesalahan pelafalan 14 kata yang mengandung bunyi frikatif. Kesalahan pelafalan paling banyak terjadi adalah pada pelafalan bunyi [ç]. Kesalahan yang ditemukan berupa penggantian bunyi dengan bunyi lain dan penambahan bunyi. Penggantian bunyi terjadi pada bunyi [f] dan [v] yang dilafalkan menjadi bunyi [w], bunyi [z] yang dilafalkan menjadi [s] dan [ʃ], bunyi [ʃ] yang dilafalkan menjadi [s], [h], dan [ç], bunyi [ç] yang dilafalkan menjadi bunyi [x], [c], [ʃ], [k], dan [s], serta bunyi [x] yang dilafalkan menjadi bunyi [h]. Sementara itu, penambahan fonem yang ditemukan berupa fonem /n/, /ǝ/, dan /s/. Bendasarkan hasil tersebut, kesalahan pelafalan dikategorikan sebagai bentuk kesalahan antarbahasa, intrabahasa, mistakes, error, serta kesalahan yang mengganggu dan tidak mengganggu komunikasi. Kesalahan pelafalan tersebut disebabkan oleh interferensi, pengaruh bahasa ibu dan bahasa Jerman itu sendiri, strategi belajar, dan faktor individu
This research aims to identify the form and causes of pronunciation errors of fricative sounds made by German Studies students at Universitas Indonesia. The object of this research is German fricatives collected from the voice recording. The researcher used the listening and taking notes method to collect words containing fricative sounds. To analyzing the data, the researcher used the theories of language error analysis by Kleppin and Tarigan and the theories of interference by Ternes. The results showed there were pronunciation errors of 14 words containing fricative sounds. Pronunciation errors that often occur are mispronunciation of fricative sound [ç]. The replacement occurs in sounds [f] and [v] which are pronounced as [w], the sound [z] which is pronounced as [s] and [ʃ], the sound [ʃ] which is pronounced as [s], [h], and [ç], the sound [ç] which is pronounced as the sound [x], [c], [ʃ], [k], and [s], and the sound [x] which is pronounced as [h]. Furthermore, the additional phonemes found were /n/, /ǝ/, and /s/. Based on those results, the pronunciation errors are categorized as interlanguage errors, intralingual errors, mistakes, error, and errors that interfere and do not interfere thecommunication. The pronunciation error is caused by interference, the influence of the mothertongue and German itself, learning strategies, and individual factors. |
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