Abstract
Sejak Tahun 2015 Pemerintah Indonesia menargetkan kebijakan pemberian akses legal
terhadap pengelolaaan hutan negara seluas 12,7 hektar melalui program perhutanan sosial
(Hutsos) untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat sekitar hutan dan mencegah
deforestasi. Tulisan ini menelusuri desa-desa penerima Hutsos dan membandingkannya
dengan desa-desa yang memiliki hutan yang tidak menerima Hutsos di tiga pulau
Sumatera, Kalimantan dan Sulawesi di Indonesia. Dengan pendekatan mixed method,
penelitian ini berusaha menjawab pertanyaan apakah dengan memberikan akses legal
kepada masyarakat yang dikelola oleh lembaga ekonomi lokal dalam program perhutanan
sosial dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan usaha di desa dan menekan laju deforestasi.
Analisis secara empiris mengunakan metode Instrumental variable dan untuk
memperdalam faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi outcome tersebut dilakukan in-depth
interview dengan stakeholder. Temuan studi ini menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan Hutsos
belum berdampak signifikan kepada pertumbuhan jumlah usaha dan deforestasi.
Penyebab belum berdampaknya program Hutsos terhadap pertumbuhan usaha di desa
karena lahan yang terbatas akibat restriksi peraturan pasca penetapan hutan sosial,
kapasitas wirausaha sumber daya pengelola hutan, belum terintegrasi program hutan
sosial dengan program desa dan rendahnya modal dan pemanfaatan teknologi pengolahan
hasil hutan. Sementara, Hutsos belum berdampak pada deforestasi karena rendahnya
kualitas perencanaan pengelolaan hutan dan intervensi kebijakan terkait penanaman
hutan di lahan kritis yang belum optimal.
......Since 2015 the Government of Indonesia has targeted a policy of providing legal access
to the management of state forests covering an area of 12.7 hectares through the social
forestry program (SFP) to improve the welfare of forest communities and prevent
deforestation. This paper traces village SFP beneficiaries and compares them to villages
that have forests that did not receive SFP on the three islands of Sumatra, Kalimantan
and Sulawesi in Indonesia. With a mixed method approach, this study seeks to answer the
question whether providing legal access to communities managed by local economic
institutions in SFP can increase business growth in villages and reduce the rate of
deforestation. The empirical analysis used the Instrumental variable method and in-depth
interviews were conducted to deepen the factors that affect the outcome. The findings of
this study indicate that the existence of SFPs has not had a significant impact on the
growth in the number of businesses and deforestation in both protected and production
forests zone. The reason why the SFP has not yet had an impact on business growth in
villages is due to limited land due to restrictions on post-determination of social forests,
the entrepreneurial capacity of forest managers, not yet integrated SFP with village
programs and low capital and utilization of forest product processing technology.
Meanwhile, SFP has not yet had an impact on deforestation because of the low quality of
forest management planning and policy interventions related to forest planting in critical
land that has not yet optimal.
