Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji model pembuatan keputusan etis pada mahasiswa berdasarkan model interaksionis. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian mixed method jenis explanatory sequential. Pada studi I, subjek berjumlah 376 mahasiswa di Jabodetabek dan Yogyakarta. Mahasiswa mengisi skala pembuatan keputusan etis mahasiswa, kesadaran etis, religiusitas, karakter moral, konformitas dan kepatuhan pada figur otoritas. Skala kesadaran etis digunakan sebagai kontrol subjek penelitian sebelum dilakukan uji model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model teoretis persamaan struktural yang menggambarkan pengaruh variabel religiusitas, karakter moral, konformitas dan kepatuhan pada figur otoritas terhadap pembuatan keputusan etis fit dengan data empiris. Religiusitas mempunyai efek langsung dan tidak langsung dengan arah positif terhadap pembuatan keputusan etis. Karakter moral dan Kepatuhan pada figur otoritas merupakan mediator hubungan yang signifikan antara religiusitas dan pembuatan keputusan etis, sementara konformitas tidak demikian. Pada studi II, dilakukan penelitian kualitatif menggunakan metode fenomenologi dengan teknik wawancara mendalam. Hasil studi II mendukung hasil pada studi I. Faktor-faktor lain yang memengaruhi pembuatan keputusan etis ditemukan dalam penelitian ini. Faktor-faktor yaitu faktor akademik dan non akademik. Faktor akademik terdiri dari: sosialisasi etis, kontrak belajar di kelas dan sistem penegakan aturan berupa penghargaan dan konsekuensi, sistem pelacakan plagiarisme yang ketat, sistem pengecek presensi yg akurat, kurang trampil dalam student skill berupa pencarian materi/referensi. Faktor non akademik terdiri dari emosi panik dan bingung, kondisi fisik, pemaknaan terhadap isu-isu etis. Adapun keterbatasan penelitian yaitu subjek penelitian pada studi I dan II, mayoritas beragama Islam, sehingga variasi dalam keberagamaannya menjadi kurang terwakili. Penelitian ini dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut untuk dimensi teknologi dan perbandingan data demografi. Mahasiswa yang masih belajar dan telah bekerja dapat dilakukan perbandingan lebih lanjut baik melalui studi longitudinal maupun cross sectional. Terdapat dua implikasi hasil penelitian ini terhadap model teoritis yang digunakan. Pertama, hasil penelitian ini memberikan alternatif model pembuatan keputusan etis dengan memperhatikan konteks penelitian. Kedua, berdasarkan penelitian ini, bagi institusi pendidikan dapat membuat suatu program peningkatan nilai-nilai etis pada mahasiswa yang memuat materi nilai-nilai religius, membuat program penguatan karakter moral dan menjadikan figur otoritas sebagai agen sosialisasi etik.
The aim of this study was to examine a model of ethical decision-making among students based on the interactionist model. This study used a mixed method research design with explanatory sequential type. In study I, the subjects were 376 students in Jabodetabek and Yogyakarta. Students filled in the scales of student ethical decision making, ethical awareness, religiosity, moral character, conformity and obedience to authority figures. The ethical awareness scale was used as a control for research subjects before the model test was carried out. The results showed a structural equation theoretical model that describes the influence of the variables of religiosity, moral character, conformity and obedience to authority figures on ethical decision making fit with empirical data. Religiosity had a direct and indirect effect in a positive direction on ethical decision making. Moral character and obedience to authority figures were a significant mediator of the relationship between religiosity and ethical decision-making, while conformity was not. In study II, a qualitative research was conducted using the phenomenological method with in-depth interview techniques. The results of study II support the results of study I. Other factors that influenced ethical decision making were found in this study. The factors were academic and non-academic factors. Academic factors were consisted of ethical socialization, study contracts and enforcement systems in the form of rewards and consequences, strict plagiarism tracking systems, accurate attendance checking systems, lack of skill in student skills in the form of material/reference searches. Non-academic factors were consisted of emotions of panic and confusion, physical condition, understanding of ethical issues. The research subjects in studies I and II were predominantly Moslem, so that variations in their diversity were underrepresented. This research can be developed further for the dimensions of technology and comparison of demographic data. Students who are still studying and have worked can be made further comparisons either through longitudinal or cross sectional studies. There are two implications of the results of this study on the theoretical model used. First, the results of this study provide an alternative model of ethical decision making by taking into account the research context. Second, based on this research, educational institutions can make many programs to increase ethical values in students containing material on religious values, create programs for strengthening moral character and make authority figures as agents of ethical socialization. |
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