Aktivitas pengunjung dapat memberikan dampak pada perilaku satwa di kebun binatang. Telah dilakukan penelitian pengaruh aktivitas pengunjung terhadap perilaku diurnal harimau sumatra (Panthera tigris sumatrae, Pocock 1929) hasil pertukaran di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perilaku adaptasi harimau hasil pertukaran dikaitkan dengan aktivitas pengunjung. Fokus penelitian yaitu pada dua ekor harimau hasil pertukaran yang dibandingkan dengan dua ekor harimau TMR sebagai kontrol. Keempat harimau berjenis kelamin jantan dengan rentang usia yang tidak jauh berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan pada masa Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) transisi DKI Jakarta, yaitu selama delapan pekan dari Juli sampai September 2020 mulai pukul 08.00—13.00 WIB. Metode yang digunakan ialah continuous focal sampling dan ad libitum dengan interval waktu 15 menit tanpa jeda. Perilaku yang diamati terbagi menjadi lima kategori, yaitu aktif, marking, lokomosi, istirahat, dan Abnormal Repetitive Behaviour (ARB). Kondisi pengunjung dibagi menjadi tiga kategori, yaitu aktivitas, kepadatan, dan kebisingan. Terdapat perbedaan kondisi pengunjung yang terjadi pada tiga kategori kondisi hari berbeda, yaitu hari libur kebun binatang, hari kerja, dan akhir pekan. Hasil pengamatan menggunakan uji t independen dengan α = 0,050 menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara harimau baru dan harimau lama pada perilaku aktif dan istirahat di ketiga kategori kondisi hari. Hal tersebut diasumsikan bahwa perilaku aktif dan istirahat harimau baru telah teradaptasi dengan lingkungan kandang TMR. Perbedaan yang signifikan muncul pada perilaku ARB saat hari libur kebun binatang, perilaku marking dan lokomosi saat hari kerja, dan perilaku marking, lokomosi, dan ARB saat akhir pekan. Perbedaan tersebut muncul karena adanya perbedaan kondisi kandang dan kemunculan kondisi pengunjung yang berbeda pada setiap kandang.
Visitor’s activities can have an impact on animal’s behaviour in the zoo. Research about the effects of zoo visitors on the diurnal behaviour of exchanged Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae, Pocock 1929) program at Taman Margasatwa Ragunan (TMR) has been studied. The aim of this research is to identify the behavioral adaptation of two exchanged Sumatran tigers related to the zoo visitors’ activity. The main subjects of this research are the two (2) exchanged Sumatran tigers compared with two (2) TMR’s tigers as the control. All of them are male tigers which short-age differences. The Research has been studied while the transition of Mass Social Distancing or Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) in DKI Jakarta enforced and lasted for eight (8) weeks from July until September 2020 start from 08.00—13.00 WIB (Western Indonesian Time). Continous focal sampling and ad libitum methods with fifteen (15) minutes interval without pause was used for this research. The focused behaviours were divided into five (5) categories: active, marking, locomotion, resting, and Abnormal Repetitive Behaviour (ARB). The visitor’s conditions were divided into three (3) categories: activity, density, and intensity. There were three conditions that represented zoo visitors: the closed day zoo, the weekdays, and the weekend. Based on the independent samples t-test with α = 0,050, it was shown, there were no significant difference between the exchanged and the control tigers in their active and resting behaviour on all conditions. Because of these, it could be assumed that the active and resting behaviour of new tigers have been adapted with TMR’s captive environment. The significant difference occurred on ARB when the closed day zoo, marking and locomotion behaviour on the weekdays, and marking, locomotion, and ARB on the weekend. It was because the difference of captive condition and the presence of zoo visitors on each captive. |
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