Perkembangan kendaraan bermotor terutama kepemilikan pribadi menciptakan fenomena baru. Perluasan kota, kemacetan, dan polusi membuat efektivitasnya dipertanyakan. Konsep tentang kota kompak kembali lagi naik ke permukaan. Salah satunya, DKI Jakarta yang mengarahkan kebijakannya menjadi kota berorientasi transit. Pembangunan fasilitas pejalan kaki digalakkan di simpul transportasi dan pusat kegiatan. Namun, aktivitas berjalan kaki tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh fasilitas trotoar tetapi juga lingkungan di sekitarnya, terutama lingkungan terbangun. Konsep 5 Ds (Density, Diversity, Design, Distance to transit, dan Destination accessibility) sering digunakan dalam menilai lingkungan terbangun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik lingkungan terbangun untuk berjalan kaki di kawasan komersial, DKI Jakarta dengan menggunakan teknologi Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) dalam membangun walkability index. Hasilnya, terdapat variabel yang memiliki ketimpangan antar kawasan. Variabel tersebut meliputi kepadatan bangunan, rasio jalan, ketersediaan trotoar, kepadatan halte, ketersediaan koridor, dan kepadatan lokasi tujuan. Hasil walkability index pada penelitian ini menilai kawasan dengan karakteristik dominasi jalan minor dan fasilitas transportasi umum yang memadai merupakan kawasan dengan kualitas berjalan tinggi. Sedangkan, kawasan dengan karakteristik simpangan dan bangunan yang padat, pertokoan kecil, dan jalan yang terkoneksi memiliki kualitas sedang. Selanjutnya, Kawasan dengan karakteristik jenis penggunaan tanah beragam, trotoar yang tersedia memiliki kualitas rendah.
The development of motorized vehicles, especially private ownership, creates a new phenomenon. City expansion, congestion, and pollution put its effectiveness into question. The concept of a compact city has returned to the fore. One of them is DKI Jakarta which directs its policy to become a transit-oriented city. The construction of pedestrian facilities is encouraged at transportation nodes and activity centers. However, walking activity is not only influenced by the sidewalk facilities but also the surrounding environment, especially the built environment. The 5 Ds concepts (Density, Diversity, Design, Distance to transit, and Destination accessibility) are often used in assessing the built environment. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of commercial areas for walking in DKI Jakarta using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology in building a walkability index. As a result, there are variables that have disparities between regions. These variables include building density, road ratio, sidewalk availability, bus stop density, corridor availability, and destination location density. The results of the walkability index in this study assessed that areas with dominant characteristics of minor roads and adequate public transportation facilities were areas with high walking quality. Meanwhile, areas with the characteristics of intersections and dense buildings, small shops, and connected roads have medium quality. Furthermore, Areas with various characteristics of land use types, the available sidewalks are of low quality. |
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