Disertasi ini merupakan deskripsi, analisis dan interpretasi atas data dan pendataan perdesaan pasca lahirnya Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa. Penulis mengusulkan tujuh tujuan penelitian saat ini. Pertama mengungkap kualitas data perdesaan, berupa data birokrat dan data warga yang menjadi basis data kebijakan publik. Kedua, mengungkap kekerasan simbolik pada pendataan perdesaan top down yang berpedoman pada norma yuridis melalui rekonstruksi genesis data birokrat. Ketiga, mendeskripsikan afirmasi simbolik pada pendataan perdesaan bottom up yang berpedoman pada norma sosiologis melalui rekonstruksi genesis data warga. Keempat, memetakan arena dan aktor pada pendataan perdesaan top down dan bottom up, serta relasinya dengan meta kapital perdesaan. Kelima, mengungkap kekerasan simbolik pada pendataan perdesaan top down yang mereproduksi kebijakan rekolonialisasi Keenam, mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis afirmasi simbolik pada pendataan perdesaan bottom up memproduksi kebijakan afirmatif. Ketujuh, menginterpretasikan kebijakan afirmatif sebagai implementasi amanat konstitusi untuk mencapai lima aspek kesejahteraan rakyat. Area studi: Desa Sibandang, Desa Pantai Bakti dan Desa Tegalallang. Penelitian menggunakan Mixed Methods Research (MMR) dengan Nesting Quantitative Data in Qualitative Designs. Data kualitatif diperoleh melalui in-depth interview dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD, diskusi terpumpun). Data kuantitatif dari Kementerian Dalam Negeri dan dari Badan Pusat Statistik, serta data mandiri dari praktik pendataan perdesaan bottom up. Pisau analisisnya menggunakan konsepkonsep Pierre Bourdieu dan Nick Couldry. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kebijakan rekolonialisasi dan 'the vicious circle' kebijakan rekolonialisasi yang mengonfirmasi terbuktinya hipotesis, yaitu: semakin kuat doxa kekerasan simbolik pada norma yuridis pendataan, semakin kuat pseudo data, semakin kuat pseudo kebijakan publik; semakin kuat pseudo kebijakan publik, semakin kuat pseudo otoritas, semakin buruk perencanaan, pemrograman, penganggaran, pelaksanaan, pemantauan dan pengawasan kebijakan publik, semakin buruk pencapaian lima aspek kesejahteraan rakyat; semakin buruk pencapaian lima aspek kesejahteraan rakyat, perdesaan semakin termarginalkan; semakin kuat doxa kekerasan simbolik norma yuridis mereproduksi pseudo data, semakin berkesinambungan kekerasan simbolik; dan semakin berkesinambungan kekerasan simbolik, semakin dibutuhkan heteredoxa afirmasi simbolik, yang digambarkan dengan antitesa 'the truth circle' kebijakan afirmatif. Sintesa yang diusulkan dari disertasi ini adalah bagaimana membangun sistemik kebijakan publik berdasarkan pendataan desa berbasis pembangunan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, sehingga memungkinkan lebih banyak ruang untuk komunikasi dan partisipasi penduduk desa.
This dissertation describes, analyzes, and interprets big data within village data collection, following the ratification of Law of the Republic of Indonesia, Number 6 of 2014, concerning Village. The author proposes seven aims of current research. First, to unveil the quality of village data collection composed of bureaucratic data and villagers' data, which serves as the foundation of current public policy. Second, to reveal the symbolic violence found in the top-down model of village data collection, which refers dominantly to the juridical norms, by performing a bureaucratic data genesis reconstruction process. Third, to describe the symbolic affirmation of the bottom-up model of village data collection, which refers to sociological norms, by performing villagers' data genesis reconstruction process. Fourth, to design a map of the arena and actors involved in both models of village data collection, top-down and bottom-up, by relating them with a metacapital of the Village. Fifth, to expose the symbolic violence found in the top-down model of village data collection, which reproduces recolonization policy. Sixth, to describe and analyze the symbolic affirmation of the bottom-up model of village data collection, which produces affirmative policy. Seventh, to interpret the affirmative policy perceived as the implementation of the Constitutional mandate to finally achieve five dimensions of people's welfare. The research area comprises three distinct villages: Sibandang village in North Sumatera, Pantai Bakti village in West Java, and Tegallalang village in Bali. The author employs Mixed Methods Research (MMR) with Nesting Quantitative Data in Qualitative Designs. Qualitative data was obtained through in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions. Quantitative data was obtained from The Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), supporting data from the researcher's independent enterprise and the bottom-up village data collection practices. The data was analyzed using conceptual tools from Pierre Bourdieu and Nick Couldry. The research findings show that recolonization policy and the vicious circle of derivative rules confirm the following hypotheses: the stronger symbolic violence doxa on the juridical norms of village data collection, the stronger pseudo data becomes and the stronger grips of pseudo-public policy; the stronger pseudo-public policy exists, the stronger pseudo authority exercises power, the worse planning, programming, budgeting, implementation, monitoring and surveillance of public policy becomes, and the further to achieve the five dimensions of people's welfare; the worse achievement of the five dimensions of people's welfare, the more marginalized villages become; the stronger symbolic violence doxa on the juridical norms reproduces pseudo data, the more sustainable symbolic violence becomes; and the more sustainable of symbolic violence, the more heteredoxa of symbolic affirmation needed—portrayed as the antithesis of 'the truth circle' of affirmative policy. The synthesis proposed from this dissertation would be how to build the systemic public policies based on the constructed version of science and technology's village data collection, allowing more space for villagers' communication and participation. |
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