COVID-19 merupakan penyakit menular pada saluran pernapasan yang muncul sejak akhir tahun 2019. Salah satu upaya dalam menangani COVID-19 adalah melalui vaksinasi. Kejadian Ikutan Pasca Imunisasi (KIPI) dapat dirasakan oleh sebagian penerima vaksin COVID-19. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk menganalisis kejadian ikutan pasca vaksinasi COVID-19 dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian tersebut di Puskesmas Kelurahan Jatiwaringin-Jati Cempaka. Penelitian observasional dengan desain cross-sectional dilakukan melalui kuesioner daring. Kuesioner penelitian yang digunakan telah melalui uji validasi. KIPI vaksin COVID-19 diamati pada 200 responden penelitian yang menerima vaksin Sinovac, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, dan Moderna. Sebagian besar responden mengalami KIPI setelah menerima vaksin COVID-19. KIPI vaksin COVID-19 yang paling banyak dilaporkan adalah nyeri/pegal pada tempat suntikan (19,29%), peningkatan rasa kantuk (12,89%), lelah/lesu/kurang bertenaga (10,22%), demam (9,51%), nyeri sendi/otot (7,73%), serta meriang/menggigil dan sakit kepala (6,13%). Kejadian ini paling umum dialami penerima vaksin Moderna, setelah penyuntikan dosis ketiga, perempuan, berusia < 60 tahun, memiliki indeks massa tubuh (IMT) rendah-normal < 25, dan dengan komorbid. KIPI vaksin COVID-19 dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor. Jenis dan dosis vaksin mempengaruhi kejadian ikutan demam, lokal, neuromuskular-skeletal, dan saraf. Jenis kelamin dan komorbid mempengaruhi kejadian ikutan lokal. Usia mempengaruhi kejadian ikutan demam dan neuromuskular-skeletal, sedangkan IMT tidak mempengaruhi seluruh kejadian ikutan pasca vaksinasi COVID-19 yang diamati.
COVID-19 is an infectious disease of the respiratory tract that has emerged since the end of 2019. One of the efforts to deal with COVID-19 is through vaccination. Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) can be perceived by some recipients of the COVID-19 vaccine. This study aimed to analyze the side effects of COVID-19 vaccination and the factors influencing the incident at Jatiwaringin-Jati Cempaka Community Health Center. An observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted through an online questionnaire. The research questionnaire used has gone through a validation test. The COVID-19 vaccine AEFI was observed in 200 study respondents who received Sinovac, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, and Moderna vaccines. Most of the respondents experienced AEFIs after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. The most commonly reported adverse events were pain/soreness at the injection site (19.29%), increased drowsiness (12.89%), fatigue/lethargy/lack of energy (10.22%), fever (9, 51%), and joint/muscle pain (7.73%). The events were most common in Moderna vaccine recipients, people after the third dose injection, women, people aged < 60 years, people with a low-normal body mass index (BMI) < 25, and people with comorbidities. The COVID-19 vaccine AEFI can be influenced by several factors. The type and dose of vaccine affected the incidence of fever, local, neuromuscular-skeletal, and nervous system events. Gender and comorbidities affected local events. Age affected the incidence of fever and neuromuscular-skeletal events, while BMI did not affect any observed adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination. |
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