Cakupan perjanjian dagang yang semakin dalam diasosiasikan dengan meningkatnya partisipasi negara dalam jaringan produksi global. Deep FTA dianggap dapat mempromosikan perkembangan pesat rantai nilai global dengan memperkuat kerja sama ekonomi trans-nasional dan mendorong arus masuk FDI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh IJEPA, khususnya setelah adanya general review, terhadap partisipasi backward dan forward, serta arus masuk FDI Jepang di Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan data panel, dengan unit observasi ekspor/impor bahan baku dan penolong berdasarkan HS 4-digit dan realisasi PMA berdasarkan KBLI 2-digit, dan mengaplikasikan metode simultaneous equation model serta seemingly unrelated regression. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa general review IJEPA meningkatkan partisipasi backward dan forward Indonesia, serta FDI inflows Jepang di Indonesia. Selain itu, ditemukan hubungan dua arah antara forward participation dan FDI inflows, sedangkan FDI inflows memengaruhi backward participation dan tidak berlaku sebaliknya. Temuan ini membuktikan bahwa investasi yang dilakukan Jepang di Indonesia berorientasi untuk mengamankan bahan baku dan penolong yang diekspor Indonesia ke Jepang
The deepening scope of trade agreements is associated with increased state participation in global production networks. Deep FTAs can promote the rapid development of global value chains by strengthening trans-national economic cooperation and encouraging FDI inflows. This study aims to analyze the effect of IJEPA, especially after a general review, on backward and forward participation, as well as Japanese FDI inflows in Indonesia. This study uses panel data, with an observation unit for export/import of raw and intermediate input based on 4-digit HS and realization of FDI based on 2-digit KBLI and applies simultaneous equation model estimators (3SLS). The estimation results show that the general review of IJEPA increases Indonesia's backward and forward participation, as well as Japanese FDI inflows in Indonesia. In addition, a two-way relationship was found between forward participation and FDI inflows, whereas FDI inflows affected backward participation and did not apply otherwise. This finding proves that the investment made by Japan in Indonesia is oriented towards securing raw and intermediate input that Indonesia exports to Japan. |
