Rasisme terhadap orang Cina di Prancis bukanlah hal yang baru. Namun, dengan disinyalir penemuan kasus Covid-19 pertama di Cina yang menjalar dan melanda pandemi di seluruh dunia, rasisme terhadap orang Cina di Prancis bertambah dalam bentuk ujaran kebencian secara daring. Hal ini seiring dengan adanya peningkatan tinggi dalam penggunaan media sosial Twitter selama pandemi di Prancis. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meneliti siapa, mengapa dan bagaimana ujaran kebencian terhadap orang Cina di Prancis berlangsung dalam media sosial Twitter. Dengan metodologi kualitatif, teori Analisis Wacana Kritis dan konsep us versus them oleh Van Dijk, korpus yang diteliti adalah tiga cuitan dari tiga akun yang berbeda dan dipilih atas dasar kandungan kata kunci serta jumlah retweets atau pengulangan dan likes terbanyak. Hasil dari penelitian menemukan bahwa walaupun dilanda krisis kesehatan, ujaran kebencian anti-Cina tahun 2020 tidak didasari oleh masalah kesehatan, melainkan efek samping dari pandemi. Mereka yang menyebar ujaran kebencian adalah akun-akun anonim yang didorong oleh xenophobia dan terganggunya kegiatan yang mereka gemari, khususnya sepak bola. Selain itu, ujaran kebencian juga dilakukan untuk mempertahankan keaslian, keberlangsungan dan hak asasi ingroup masing-masing. Ujaran kebencian tersebut diekspresikan dalam bentuk majas hiperbola, sarkasme, ancaman, serta penggunaan foto reaction meme.
Anti-Chinese racism in France is not a new phenomenon. However, with the emergence of Covid-19 in China, which eventually spread and caused a worldwide pandemic, racism against Chinese people in France has increased rapidly in the form of online hate speech. Such an increase is simultaneous with the spurge in the use of social media Twitter during the 2020 pandemic in France. This article aims to examine who, why and how hate speech against Chinese people in France takes place on Twitter. Using a qualitative research methodology, the theory of Critical Discourse Analysis and the Us versus Them concept by Van Dijk, the corpus used in this paper are three different tweets from three different accounts, and were selected based on keywords and highest number of retweets and likes. The results of the study found that despite the health crisis, hate speech was never really rooted from health-related issues, but rather from the side-effects of the pandemic. Those who spread hate speech were all anonymous accounts, and were driven by xenophobia and the pause of activities which users are passionate about, such as football. Moreover, hate speech is also expressed to maintain the authenticity, continuity and rights of attackers’ respective ingroups. Hate speech online is expressed through the use of hyperboles, sarcasm, threats and the use of reaction meme pictures. |
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