Tugas Karya Akhir ini membahas tentang mekanisme resiliensi sosial yang dilakukan oleh perempuan pekerja rumahan selama pandemi COVID-19 dari disiplin Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh perempuan pekerja rumahan yang menghadapi kondisi kerentanan dari aspek ekonomi, sosial, dan hukum selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Perempuan pekerja rumahan mengalami kehilangan pendapatan karena rantai pasok yang terganggu selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Mekanisme resiliensi sosial dibutuhkan oleh perempuan pekerja rumahan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup selama pandemi. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan kondisi kerentanan, mekanisme resiliensi sosial, serta faktor-faktor resiliensi sosial dari perempuan pekerja rumahan di Indonesia, India, dan Thailand pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dan non-reaktif melalui kajian literatur. Hasil temuan lapangan menunjukkan bahwa perempuan pekerja rumahan berada dalam kondisi yang semakin rentan, dari aspek sosial, ekonomi, dan kesehatan selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Untuk menghadapi kerentanan tersebut, perempuan pekerja rumahan di Indonesia, India, dan Thailand melakukan berbagai mekanisme resiliensi sosial, di antaranya memanfaatkan bantuan sosial untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar, mempertahankan hubungan sosial melalui bergabung dengan koperasi, diskusi, kerja sama, dan advokasi, serta mengembangkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan diri dengan mengikuti pelatihan dan memulai pekerjaan atau usaha baru. Dalam melakukan mekanisme resiliensi sosial ini, diidentifikasi persamaan dan perbedaan faktor pelindung dan faktor risiko di antara perempuan pekerja rumahan di Indonesia, India, dan Thailand. Persamaan yang signifikan adalah adanya budaya patriarkis yang memengaruhi peran gender dalam pekerjaan serta pendidikan yang rendah bagi perempuan sebagai faktor risiko, serta peran organisasi pendamping yang memberikan bantuan sosial dan pelatihan sebagai faktor pelindung. Sedangkan, perbedaan yang signifikan adalah dalam aspek regulasi pekerja rumahan yang sudah ada di Thailand, tetapi belum ada atau masih terbatas di Indonesia dan India. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa masing-masing faktor pelindung dan risiko yang telah diidentifikasi memengaruhi perempuan pekerja rumahan untuk melalui ketiga proses resiliensi sosial, yaitu recovery, sustainability, dan growth.
This study aims to explain social resilience mechanisms adapted by women home-based workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the view of Social Welfare Science. The background of this research is the economic, social, and legal vulnerability faced by women home-based workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Women home-based workers experienced loss of income due to disrupted supply chains during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social resilience mechanisms are needed by women home-based workers to meet their basic needs during the pandemic. This study describes the vulnerability conditions, social resilience mechanisms, and social resilience factors of women homeworkers in Indonesia, India, and Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is a descriptive and non-reactive research that uses literature review method. The finding of this research shows that women home-based workers are even in more vulnerable conditions while COVID-19 pandemic, both in the aspect of economic, social, and health. To face that vulnerability, women home-based workers in Indonesia, India, and Thailand are doing various social resilience mechanisms, such as fulfilling basic needs from social assistance, maintaining social relationships through cooperatives, discussion, and advocacy, and also improving their knowledge and skills through training and starting new job or small business. This research also identified similarities and differences in protective and risk factors contributing to women home-based workers’ social resilience mechanisms in Indonesia, India, and Thailand. The significant similarity is patriarchy culture in these three countries as a risk factor that affect strong gender role in labour and also affect low education for women. Another similarity is the non-government organization’s significant role in these three countries as a protective factor in facilitating social assistance and various trainings for women home-based workers. Meanwhile, the significant difference is regulation aspect, where Thailand already established an act, while there is still limited to none regulation in Indonesia and India. This study concludes that each of the identified protective and risk factors influenced the women homeworkers to go through the three processes of social resilience, namely recovery, sustainability, and growth. |
TA-Zahratul Hayati Nurzain.pdf :: Unduh