Kategori non-tariff measures (NTMs) cukup beragam, salah satunya adalah export related measures yang penggunaannya semakin berkembang dan tersebar di banyak produk yang diperdagangkan. Salah satu penerapan export related measures ada pada ekspor kelapa sawit, Crude Palm Oil (CPO), dan produk turunannya yang notabenenya adalah komoditas unggulan ekspor Indonesia. Export related measures itu sendiri memiliki jenis beragam dimana salah satu jenisnya adalah penilaian kesesuaian yang kebijakannya mengalami perubahan pada kegiatan ekspor komoditas tersebut. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh dari penerapan kebijakan export related measures secara keseluruhan dan pemberlakuan perubahan pelaksanaan penilaian kesesuaian terhadap ekspor komoditas kelapa sawit, CPO, dan produk turunannya. Pendekatan inventory, maupun indirect country characteristic digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh export related measures terhadap volume maupun nilai ekspor, serta ad-valorem equivalent (AVE) untuk mengidentifikasi tariff equivalent dari penerapan export related measures pada ekspor kelapa sawit, CPO, dan produk turunannya ke semua negara tujuan ekspor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan export related measures yang diterapkan pada kegiatan ekspor kelapa sawit, CPO, dan produk turunannya memiliki efek memfasilitasi perdagangan walaupun terdapat efek hambatan yang berasal dari AVE, serta pemberlakuan perubahan kebijakan terkait pelaksanaan penilaian kesesuaian memiliki pengaruh yang tidak jauh berbeda dibandingkan sebelum perubahan terhadap ekspor kelapa sawit, CPO, dan produk turunannya.
The non-tariff measures (NTMs) categories are quite diverse, one of which is export-related measures whose use is growing and spread across many traded products. One of the implementations of export-related measures is in the export of palm, crude palm oil (CPO), and its derivative products, which incidentally is one of Indonesia's leading export commodities. Export-related measures have various types, one of which is conformity assessment, whose policies have changed in the export activities of these commodities. This study analyzes the effect of the overall export-related measures policy and the implementation of policy changes related to the conformity assessment on exports of palm oil, CPO, and derivative products. Inventory and indirect country characteristic approaches are used to identify the effect of export-related measures on the volume and value of exports, as well as ad-valorem equivalent (AVE) to identify the tariff equivalent of implementing export-related measures on exports of palm, CPO, and its derivative products to all export destination countries. The results show that overall export-related measures applied to export activities of palm, CPO, and its derivative products facilitate trade even though there is a barrier effect originating from the AVE. Implementing policy changes related to the conformity assessments has an effect not much different from before the changes to exports of palm oil, CPO, and its derivative products. |
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