Hepatitis B merupakan penyakit menular berbahaya yang menimbulkan peradangan pada organ hati dengan penyebab virus Hepatitis B. Salah satu upaya untuk mencegah dan menurunkan Hepatitis B dengan vaksinasi Hepatitis B0 pada bayi baru lahir kurang dari 24 jam, sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 12 Tahun 2017 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Imunisasi. Kementerian Kesehatan mengeluarkan kebijakan terkait upaya vaksinasi selama masa pandemi meliputi SE Dirjen P2P No.SR.02.06/4/1332/2020 tentang pelayanan imunisasi kepada anak selama masa pandemi Covid-19, Surat Menteri Kesehatan No.SR.02.01/Menkes/213/2020 tentang Pekan Imunisasi Dunia, serta Petunjuk Teknis Pelayanan Imunisasi di Puskesmas. Sebagai tindak lanjut, Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta menerbitkan SE No.3243/-1.772.1 tentang pelaksanaan imunisasi rutin dalam keadaan pandemi Covid-19. Dalam masa pandemi, capaian pelaksanaan vaksinasi Hepatitis B0 di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Selatan pada tahun 2020 tidak mencapai target, namun pada tahun 2021 dapat mencapai target sebesar 96,7%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor keberhasilan pelaksanaan kebijakan vaksinasi Hepatitis B0 pada masa pandemi Covid-19 di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Selatan Tahun 2021, dengan pendekatan sistem yang melihat faktor input, proses, dan output. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pengambilan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dan telaah dokumen pada bulan April-Juli 2022. Pengambilan data dilakukan di empat Puskesmas di wilayah Jakarta Selatan, Suku Dinas Kesehatan Kota Administrasi Jakarta Selatan dan Rumah Sakit Aulia dengan jumlah informan 15 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga Puskesmas mencapai target pada tahun 2021. Satu Puskesmas belum mencapai target, tetapi ditemukan adanya peningkatan capaian vaksinasi Hepatitis B0. Dari hasil disimpulkan Faktor keberhasilan Sudinkes Jakarta Selatan dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan vaksinasi Hepatitis B0 yaitu dari input terdapat tenaga kesehatan yang kompeten yang didukung dengan kader, adanya penambahan sarana dan prasarana, pemberian informasi vaksinasi Hepatitis B0 melalui media sosial dan koordinasi lintas sektor. Dari proses berupa penggerakan bidan koordinasi dan kader. Selain itu, tidak ditemukan kejadian KIPI serta pencatatan dan pelaporan terlaksana dengan baik.
Hepatitis B is a dangerous infectious disease that causes inflammation of the liver where the cause is the Hepatitis B virus. One of the efforts to prevent and reduce Hepatitis B disease is by vaccinating Hepatitis B0 in newborns for less than 24 hours, in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 12 of 2017 concerning Immunization. During the pandemic, the Ministry of Health issued several policies in the form of SE Director General of P2P No. SR.02.06/4/1332/2020 regarding immunization services for children during the Covid-19 pandemic, Letter of the Minister of Health Number SR.02.01/Menkes/213/2020 regarding World Immunization Week and issued a Technical Guide to Immunization Services at Health Centers. As a follow-up, Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta issued SE Number 3243/-1.772.1 regarding the implementation of routine immunizations in a state of the Covid-19 pandemic. During Covid-19 pandemic, the implementation of Hepatitis B0 vaccination in the South Jakarta Administrative City in 2020 did not reach the target, but in 2021 the Hepatitis B0 vaccination could reach the target of 96.7%. This study aims to determine the success factors for implementing the Hepatitis B0 vaccination policy during the Covid-19 pandemic in the South Jakarta Administrative City in 2021, with system approach theory that looks at input, process, and output factors. This research is a qualitative research with data collection carried out through in-depth interviews and document review conducted in April-July 2022. Data collection was carried out at four Puskesmas in South Jakarta, the South Jakarta Administrative City Health Sub-dept. and Aulia Hospital with 15 informants. The results showed that three Puskesmas reached the target in 2021. One Puskesmas had not yet reached the target, but it was found that there was an increase in the Hepatitis B0 vaccination. From the results, it was concluded that the success factors of the South Jakarta Health Office in implementing the Hepatitis B0 vaccination policy are the input, especially the presence of competent health workers who are supported by cadres, additional facilities and infrastructure, providing information on Hepatitis B0 vaccination through social media and cross-sectoral coordination. From the process, especially in the form of mobilizing coordination midwives and cadres. In addition, there were no AEFI incidents and the recording and reporting were carried out properly. |
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