Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) terutama Pneumonia merupakan penyebab utama kesakitan dan kematian pada bayi dan anak balita di negara berkembang, sekitar 4 juta kematian disebabkan oleh penyakit ISPA terutama Pneumonia. Di kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Sumatera Selatan penyakit Pneumonia masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat dimana pneumonia menempati urutan teratas dalam sepuluh penyebab kesakitan yang mempunyai kontribusi sebesar 53,42 %. Sementara angka cakupan imunisasi campak masih relatif rendah (70 %, tahun 1998). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan imunisasi campak dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita dan faktor risiko lainnya di kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu, Sumatera Selatan tahun 2000. Studi ini menggunakan desain kasus kontrol, dengan 141 sampel dimana kasus adalah balita umur 9-59 bulan, menderita pnemonia yang datang ke Puskesmas, sedangkan kontrol adalah balita umur 9-59 bulan yang datang ke Puskesmas, tetapi tidak menderita pnemonia ataupun ISPA. Data diperoleh dari basil wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner pada responden ibu balita dan dianalisa dengan analisis univariat, bivariat (Chi Square) dan multivariate (Logislic Regression). Hasil akhir uji multivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara imunisasi campak dengan kejadian pnemonia pada balita umur 9-59 bulan (DR= 2,307; p~,003 ). Dapat dikatakan bahwa risiko terkena pneumonia pada balita umur 9-59 bulan yang tidak diimunisasi campak 2,3 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan balita umur 9-59 bulan yang telah diimunisasi campak. Disamping variabel imunisasi campak ada 5 variabel lain yang mempengaruhi kejadian pneumonia di kabupaten OKU, sebagai berikut: Pendidikan ibu (OR=2,037; p=0,013), pengetahuan ibu (OR=2,364: p=0,005), polusi asap dapur (OR=2,99; p=0,002), kepadatan rumah (OR= 3,247; p= 0,0005) dan jarak ke sarana kesehatan (OR=0,43 1; p= 0,007). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disarankan kepada pengambil keputusan guna lebih memberi perhatian kepada keluarga balita (9-59 bulan) yang belum diimunisasi campak, berpendidikan rendah, berpengetahuan rendah, keadaan rumah yang jelek (polusi asap dapur), rumah yang padat huni dan yang jauh dari pelayanan kesehatan.
The Relationship Between Measles Imunization and Pneumonia Insidens on Underfive Years Old Children in Ogan Komering Ulu (Oku) District, South Sumatera, in 2000.The Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI) especially pneumonia is main cause of morbidity and mortality on infant and under five years old children in developing countries. There are 4 million death caused by ARI especially pneumonia. In Ogan Komering Ulu (OKU) district, South Sumatera province, the pneumonia still became Community Health Problem. Pneumonia was the first rank of ten cause of morbidity that contributed 53,42 %, while the measles immunization coverage still low(70 %, year 1998). This study was conducted to know the relationship between measles immunization and other risk factors with pneumonia on under five years old children in OKU district, South Sumatera province in 2000. The study design used in this study is Cases Control, with cases are 141 children age 9 - 59 month children suffered from pneumonia who attending health center. While the control was taken from age 9-59 month children without the diseases, who attending the some Health Center. The data was collected by interviewed from the children's mother using questioner. The analysis method of univariate, bivariate (Chi Square) and multivariate (logistic regression) was used in the study. The result of the study show that a statistical significance association between measles immunization with pneumonia on 9-59 month children (p= 0,003 ; 0R=2,307). It can be said that pneumonia risk on under five years old children without measles immunization arc 2,3 time larger than that of under five years old children with measles immunization. Beside measles immunization, there are 5 other variables that also associated with pneumonia risk in OKU district such as: mothers education(UR=2,307; p=0,013), mothers knowledge (OR=2,364; p=0,005), kitchens smoke pollution (OR= 2.99: p=4.002). house density(OR=3,247;p= 0,000) and the house distance to health services(CR=0,431; p=O,OO7. Based on the study result, it was suggested that the policy maker have to pay more attention to family with under five years old children who have not gotten yet the measles immunization, whose mother has low education, and low knowledge, who have bad condition and has high density of house, and whose house long far from health services. |
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