Penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) di negara berkembang masih merupakan penyebab kematian nomor satu pada bayi dan balita. Di Indonesia proporsi kematian bayi dan balita oleh ISPA terutama pnemonia masih sangat besar yaitu 38,1% dan 38,8%, sekitar 150.000 balita meninggal oleh pnemonia pertahun. Upaya menurunkan kematian karena ISPA dilakukan dengan meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan dan penatalaksanaan kasus ISPA secara benar dan tepat waktu. Puskesmas sebagai ujung tombak pelayanan kesehatan di Indonesia diharapkan memiliki kemampuan manajemen yang baik, sehingga berbagai masalah kesehatan dalam wilayah kerjanya dapat diatasi secara paripuma mandiri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui informasi tentang sistem manajemen puskesmas yang berkaitan dengan cakupan Program P2 ISPA di Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin tahun 2000. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional dengan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dengan unit analisis adalah puskesmas. Sampel adalah total populasi yaitu 40 puskesmas di Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin. Variabel-variabel yang diteliti meliputi variabel independen yaitu input yang terdiri dari tenaga pelaksanan program, buku pedoman, Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), Sarana dan Prasarana serta dana dan process terdiri dari Perencanaan Tingkat Puskesmas (PTP), Mini Lokakarya, Supervisi dan Bimbingan teknik serta Pencatatan dan Pelaporan. Sedangkan variabel dependen adalah cakupan Program P2 ISPA. Dengan uji statistik Chi-Square didapatkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara variabel Buku Pedoman, SOP, Sarana dan Prasarana, PTP, MinIok, serta Supervisi dan Bimbingan Teknis dengan cakupan Program P2 ISPA. Secara keseluruhan input dan process mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan cakupan Program P2 ISPA. Selanjumya uji regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang memberikan pengaruh yang paling besar terhadap cakupan Program P2 ISPA adalah SOP serta Supervisi dan Bimbingan Teknis. Disarankan agar Petugas pelaksana Program P2 ISPA di Puskesmas bekerja dengan menggunakan Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) dan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin harus melaksanakan supervisi Program P2 1SPA secara terjadwal dan adekuat.
In a number of developing countries, acute respiratory infection (ISPA) is still the first cause of death of infants and toddlers. In Indonesia the death proportion of infants and toddlers caused by ISPA and pneumonia in particular is large, about 38.1% and 38.8% or approximately 150,000 infants die annually due to pneumonia. Efforts to lower the death rate caused by ISPA have been taken by means of improving health treatment and the treatment of ISPA cases properly and in timely manner. Puskesmas (community health center) as spearhead of health service in Indonesia is expected to have good management so that it can solve and overcome various health issues within its work completely and area autonomously. This study was aimed at obtaining information on the management system of puskesmas relating to the scope of P2 ISPA program in Musi Banyasin district in 2000. This study employed a cross sectional research design with quantitative descriptive analysis. Puskesmas was the unit of analysis. The sample consisted of total population of 40 puskesmas in Musi Banyuasin district. The study variables were of two types. The first was independent variable consisting of program executor, guideline book, Standar Operating Procedure (SOP), facilities and infrastructure and processes (puskesmas-level planning, mini workshop, supervision, technical guidance and recording as well as reporting. While the dependent variable consisted of scope of P2 ISPA Program. By employing Chi-Square statistic test, it was revealed that there was a significant correlation between guideline book, Standar Operating Procedure (SOP), facilities, infrastructure, puskesmas-level planning, mini workshop, supervision and technical guidance and scope of P2 ISPA Program. Throughly the input and process have a significant correlation with scope of P2 ISPA Program .In addition the logistic regression test also indicated that the most affecting variables on the scope of P2 ISPA Program were SOP, supervision and technical guidance. A recommendation is made for program executor of P2 ISPA Program in puskesmas work by using Standar Operating Procedure (SOP) and Health Departement in Musi Banyuasin district have to implement the supervision and technical guidance scheduledly and adequatly. |
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