Menurut Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (SKRT) 1995, Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Indonesia adalah 373 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup, Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) sebesar 46 per 1000 kelahiran hidup. Salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah belum optimal cakupan kunjungan antenatal (K4 = 75,66%). Kurang optimalnya kunjungan antenatal mengakibatkan risiko dan komplikasi kehamilan tidak terdeteksi secara dini. Intervensi kesehatan spesifik melalui kunjungan antenatal minimal 4 kali, merupakan salah satu daya ungkit yang besar untuk menurunkan insiden dan beratnya komplikasi yang berhubungan dengan kehamilan, persalinan dan nifas pada ibu dan bayi baru lahir. Di Kota Medan kunjungan antenatal K4 sebesar 78,75%, belum mencapai target nasional sebesar 90%.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh hubungan antara falctor predisposisi, faktor pemungkin dan faktor penguat dengan kunjungan antenatal K4. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional (potong lintang), pemilihan sampel didasarkan rumus cluster 2 tahap, tahap pertama dengan probability proportional to size menggunakan C Survey, jumlah sampel sebanyak 210 orang, ibu yang mempunyai bayi umur 6 (enam bulan) dimana selama hamil pernah memeriksakan kehamilannya ke petugas kesehatan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan perangkat lunak C Sample pada Epi Info 6.0 dan program komputerisasi lainnya.Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa proporsi kunjungan antenatal sesuai standar sebesar 51% dan 84,8% responden pernah melakukan kunjungan antenatal di klinik bidan swasta. Hasil analisis bivariat diketahui bahwa variabel yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan kunjungan K4 adalah pendidikan tinggi, pengetahuan baik, sikap positif, jarak, penghasilan tinggi, akses informasi yang baik terhadap pelayanan antenatal dan dukungan suami. Hasil analisis multivariat regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan dengan kunjungan K4 adalah pengetahuan, sikap, jarak, penghasilan, akses informasi dan yang paling dominan mempengaruhi kunjungan antenatal K4 adalah pengetahuan ibu (OR 2,78).Memperhatikan hasil penelitian ini, menyarankan kepada lembaga terkait khususnya mereka yang berhubungan dengan pelayanan kesehatan ibu hamil dan bersalin bahwa kegiatan Komunikasi Informasi Edukasi (KIE) pada Standar Operating Procedur (SOP) perlu ditegaskan kembali, yaitu adanya langkah-langkah KIE yang harus dioperasionalkan diseluruh fasilitas pelayanan dari Posyandu sampai Rumah Sakit, baik pada pelayanan pemerintah maupun swasta. Kegiatan konseling merupakan pilihan yang efektif dan efisien meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu untuk memahami peristiwa kehamilan, persalinan, nifas dan risiko yang mungkin dihadapi ibu sehingga dapat dilakukan upaya prefentif.
The Factors that Related to Antenatal Visit Four Times (K4) in Medan City, North Sumatera Province, 2002Based on Household Health Survey in 1995, the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Indonesia was 373 per 100.000 live births, while the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) was 46 per 1000 live births. One of the factors was caused by the in optimal the coverage of antenatal visit four times (K4 = 75,66%). The lack of their optimal to antenatal visit four times, it caused risk and pregnancy complication can not be detected in the early. The specific health intervention through minimum antenatal visit at least four times, as one of the big power raising to reduce the incident and heavy complication that related to pregnancy, delivery and post-partum on mother and infant new birth. In Medan City the antenatal visit four times was 78,75%, it was not reach with the national target that is 90%.The objective of this study was to obtain the relationships between the predisposition, possibly, and the dominant factors with antenatal visit four times. The study design was cross-sectional. The sample selected was based on the pattern of cluster second phase, first phase with probability proportional to size used C Survey. The number of sample was 210 pregnant mothers who having infant age 5 6 months, where during pregnant ever checked their pregnancy to health worker. The data was collected by indepth interview method. The data was analysis by software C Sample on Epi Info 6.0 and others computer programs.The result of study showed that the proportion of antenatal visit meet with the standard was a 51% and 84,8% respondent ever conducted antenatal visit at the private maternity clinics. The result of bivariate analysis known that the variable which having significant relationship to antenatal visit four times is high education, good knowledge, positive attitude, distance, high income, good information access to antenatal service and husband support. The result of logistic regression multivariate analysis showed that the variable that having relationships to antenatal visit four times is knowledge, attitude, distance, income, information access and the most dominant that influence to K4 is mother's knowledge (OR 2,78).Considering to this study, it is recommended that the institutional related especially to whom that giving health services on pregnant mother and delivery. The activities of Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) on Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) it is need to be cleared again, i.e. the availability of IEC steps that should be applied in entire of health facilities, starting from Village Integrated Service Post to Hospital, both private and state owned. Counseling activities is selection that effective and efficient to increase the mother's knowledge, and in order to understand the pregnant event, delivery, post-partum and the risk that possible faced, so it can be done preventive action. |
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