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Household Particulate Matter as Risk Factor of Respiratory Health Effect in Children Age Less than Five Years (A Study in the Pekojan Village, Jakarta)Recent concerns on ambient air particulate pollution in Jakarta had made substantial issues of respiratory health effects due to the increase of the suspended particulate matter concentrations in several localities of the city. Although outdoor air pollution had been recognized as a health hazard, the potentially high concentration of indoor air had recently received similar attention.This dissertation is based on a study done in homes at the Pekojan Village, Jakarta from March to May 1998. Results were presented from a cross-sectional assessment of the association of 204 household level of particulate matter 10 microns and less (PMIo) with respiratory symptoms in 263 children age less than five years participating in the study.Data gathered during the study period provided further evidence that rates of respiratory symptom were elevated among children living in homes with high particulate concentrations.Reported rates of cough with runny nose, respiratory symptoms with fever, and respiratory symptoms without fever were positively associated with measures of PM14 in family rooms, kitchens and bedrooms. Household factors such as house dampness and/or flooded, smoking, respiratory illness among members of the family, and nutritional status of the children were also associated with the rates of respiratory symptom. The study also found that variation of PMIQ concentrations were determined by smoking. |
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