ABSTRAKTidak lama setelah diproklamasikan kemerdekaan Indonesia pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1945, muncullah berbagai pergolakan yang datangnya dari Sekutu. Pergolakan itu disebabkan oleh kedatangan Sekutu yang pada mulanya hanya bertujuan menjaga keamanan, melucuti tentara Jepang dan sekaligus memulangkan kembali ke negaranya. Namun ternyata kedatangan Sekutu disertai orang-orang Belanda (MICA) yang dipersenjatai sehingga rakyat Indonesia merasa curiga bahwa sebenarnya kedatangan Sekutu itu sebenarnya mempunyai maksud untuk menanamkan kembali kekuasaan Belanda di Indonesia. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa ternyata Sekutu sudah tidak mau lagi mengindahkan kedaulatan bangsa Indonesia, Akibatnya meletuslah pergolakan atau pertempuran besar di Jakarta, Surabaya, Magelang, Ambarawa, Semarang, Bandung untuk melawan Sekutu.Demikian di Yogyakarta saat itu juga terjadi pergolakan melawan Jepang, para pemuda dengan semangat tinggi dan penuh keberanian berhasil mendobrak dan membuka segel percetakan Surat Kabar Sinar Matahari. Selanjutnya para pemuda di bawah pimpinan Sumarmadi berhasil pula mengambil alih radio Jepang Hosokyoku. Suasana menjadi panas setelah para pemuda bersama rakyat dan Polisi Istimewa berhasil menurunkan bendera Jepang Hinomaru di Gedung Agung dan digantikan dengan bendera Merah Putih. Puncaknya adalah massa rakyat dapat menguasai markas Jepang di Kota Baru pada tanggal 7 Oktober 1945.Pada saat situasi dan kondisi yang tidak terkendali tersebut, tampillah Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX untuk melindungi rakyatnya, dengan cara mengeluarkan beberapa maklumat. Adapun maksud beliau adalah untuk menampung para pemuda yang sedang bergelora, di pihak lain pemerintah sudah tidak mampu lagi menjamin keselamatan individu. Maka kemudian didirikanlah badan-badan perjuangan dengan berbagai nama dan semangat revolusi.Salah satu badan perjuangan yang muncul di Yogyakarta adalah BPRI Mataram yang tidak lain merupakan cikal Bakal terbentuknya TRM. Adapun aktivitas laskar TRM semata-mata berdasar suatu sikap anti penjajahan. Pada prinsipnya keberadaan TRM di Front adalah membantu tentara reguler dalam mempertahankan kemerdekaan Indonesia.Keberadaan TRM didukung oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya munculnya kelompok-kelompok laskar lain, sehubungan dengan dikeluarkannya plakat amanat oleh Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX; didapatkannya senjata dari Jepang: dikeluarkannya beberapa maklumat dukungan oleh Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX; adanya figur pemimpin yaitu Soetardjo sebagai koordinator laskar di garis depan maupun di garis belakang. Aktivitas TRM meliputi bidang politik (pertahanan) dan social . Dalam bidang politik, TRM baik ketika masih merupakan kelompok laskar maupun setelah menjadi batalyon reguler selalu aktif di berbagai Front. Diantaranya Front Magelang, Ambarawa, Semarang, Ujung Bening, Majalengka, Ciranji, Mangkang dan sepanjang medan Kediri Utara serta Jawa Timur pada waktu Agresi Belanda I. Sedang di bidang sosial, TRM menyelengarakan dapur umum dan Palang Merah, aktivitas ini ditangani oleh anggota TRM-Putri (PRIP) dibawah pimpinan Widayati.Karena kegigihan, keuletan dan keberaniannya di medan pertempuran, maka para perwira Markas Besar Tentara (MBT) memasukkan laskar TRM ke dalam Divisi ketentaraan resmi. Maka pada tanggal 15 Maret 1945 berubah nama menjadi Batalyon XXII Istimewa di bawah Resimen II Divisi IX dengan pimpinan Batalyon I dengan pimpinan Jenderal Mayor RP. Sudarsono. Namun pada tanggal 10 Juli 1946, Batalyon XXII tersebut dirubah lagi menjadi Mobile Batalyon I dengan komandannya tetap Soetardjo. Adapun alasannya adalah agar ruang lingkup dan aktivitas operasionalnya lebih luas. Setelah periode Mangkang, pasukan Mobile Batalyon I banyak yang meninggalkan kesatuannya, sehingga pasukan Bung Tardjo tersebut tinggal satu kompi. Meskipun demikian sisa pasukan Bung Tardjo ini tetap meneruskan perjuangannya di bawah koordinasi Divisi III/Diponegoro. Pada tahun 1948 aktivitas TRM telah berakhir, berkaitan dengan rekontruksi dan rasionalisasi ketentaraan di Indonesia, maka Mobile Batalyon I kemudian ada yang meneruskan kariernya dalam militer dengan menjadi tentara, ada yang kembali ke masyarakat dengan menjadi wiraswasta dan sebagian lagi melanjutkan ke bangku sekolah.
ABSTRACTNot long after the proclamation of the Indonesia Independent on August seventeen one thousand nine hundred forty five (17-8-1945), various developments, originating from the allied forces. Said developments were caused by the arrival of the allied forces which in the beginning only at the objective to maintain security, to'-disarm the Japanese and at the same time to return them to their country. Nevertheless it turns out that the arrival of the allied forces was accompanied by Dutch people (NIKA) who were armed so that the Indonesian people feel distracting that impact the aarival of the allied forces had the intention to replant Dutch authority in Indonesia. This trough that the allied forces did no longer care for the sovereignty of the Indonesian Nation. As the result various development occurred or large ware fare in Jakarta, Surabaya, Magelang, Ambarawa, Semarang, Bandung to fight against the allied forces.Thus in Yogyakarta at the time also happened events against the Japanese. The young people with high spirit and whole of courage succeeded to open the seal of the printing house of the daily Sinar Matahari. Further young people under the leadership of Sumardi succeeded to take over the Japanese radio Hosokyoku. The situation became very hot after the young people together with the general public and the mobile brigade succeeded to put-down the Japanese flag Hinomaru at Gedung Agung and substituted with the red and white flag. The top development was the great masses could control the Japanese headquotres in Kota Baru on October 7,1945.At the time when uncontrollable situation and condition were everywhere, appeared Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX to protect this people by issuing a couple announcements. His purpose was to accommodate the young people who were being in great courage, on the other side the government is no longer able to guarantee individual safety. Thus struggle organization were established with various names and the spirit of revolution.One of the struggle organizations that appeared in Yogyakarta is BPRI--Mataram which was no other organization than that which eventually became the seed of TRM. The activities of the semi military TRM was singly on the basis of an anti colonial attitude. In principle the presence of TRM at the Front was to help the regular units in defending the independence of Indonesia.The presence of TRM was supported by various factors among others the appearing of other semi military groups, in relation to the issuing of placates on the-massage of Sri Sultan Hamengku Bowono IX, the obtaining of weapon from the Japanese, the issues of various support declarations by Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX;the presence of the leader figure i.e Soetardjo as coordinator of semi military units at the Front line as well as at the back line.Activities of TRM included the field of politics (defense) and social. In the field of politics, TRM, both when both still forming a group of semi military as well as after becoming a regular battalion was invariably active in various Front lines. Among others at Front Magelang, Ambarawa, Semarang, Ujung Berung, Majalengka, Ciranji, Mangkan, and along the Front line Kedu Utara and East Java during the first Dutch agression. While in the social field TRM organized public kitchen and Red Cross, this activities was handled by lady members of TRM (PRIP) under leadership of Widayati.Thanks to their courage, their perseverance, and courage on Front line, the officers of the Head quarters (MBT) included laskar TRM into the official army unit. Thus on March 15,1945 its name was changed to become battalion 22 istimewa under regiment II Divisi IX which as leader of battalion I with as. leading Batalyion I, with as commander Jendral Major RP.Sudarsono. Nevertheless on July 10,1946, said Batalyion XXII was changed to become mobile battalion I with as commander always Soetardjo. The reason was in order that the scope and its cooperation avtivities would become proader.After the period of Mangkang, the mobile Batalyion I unit were many leaving their unit, so that the units of Bung Tardjo remained only one company. Nevertheless this remaining unit of Bung Tardjo continued its struggle under coordination of divisi III/Diponegoro. In ninety forty eight activities of TRM have ended, in relation to reconstruction and rationalization in the army in Indonesia, thus mobile batalyion I eventually there were those to continue their career in the military by becoming regular soldiers, part of them returned to the public community by becoming self employed people and part continued their study. |
T2971-Hidayati.pdf :: Unduh