|
A discourse generally consists of a number of sentences. In this case one sentence and another sentence should be related to each other. The relations among them can be identified through the components connecting those sentences, which are called cohesive devices.This research aims at describing cohesion in Javanese discourses, especially concerning the grammatical and lexical cohesive devices. Also, the cohesive ties among their components in various discourses are examined.The theory for this analysis is based on Halliday and Hasan's Cohesion in English (1979) and Language, Context and Text (1985). The theory is chosen since it is relevant to the subject and is also by far the most comprehensive.The data for this research is taken from various sources so that it is expected to represent the real uses of Javanese. The data is collected through the observation method, that is, by using the techniques of recording and noting on the data cards. Then, the data are analyzed by a distributional method.In this research, a great variety of grammatical cohesive devices, lexical cohesive devices, and even cohesive ties are found. There are four types of grammatical cohesive devices, i.e. reference, substitution, ellipsis, and con-junction; and six types of lexical cohesion, viz, repetition, synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, meronymy, and collocation. For the group of the grammatical cohesions, some types of reference, covering personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and reference by definite markers are obtained; substitution comprises noun and clause substitution; ellipsis covers noun, verb, and clause ellipsis; while the con-junctions are indicated by some marks of conjunctive relations. Besides, the semantic conjunctive ties are analyzed, comprising additive, adversative, causal, temporal, conditional, alternative, conclusive, validity and intensity. For the group of lexical cohesion, the types of repetition are shown by complete repetition, modified repetition, partial repetition, and additional repetition; synonymy is marked by the linguistic unit with similar or the same meaning; antonymy is realized through the lingual unit with binary, polar, relational and multiple taxonomic antonymy; hyponymy is constructed by superordinate-hyponym, hyponymsuperordinate and co-hyponym relations; meronymy is organized by holonym-meronym, meronym-holonym, and co-meronym, while collocation can be identified through noun and verb collocations. From the analysis of the cohesive ties, the cohesive devices used in one type of discourse and another type vary respectively, whereas the distance between the constituents is dominated by the immediate ties. |
T4533-Mukhlish.pdf :: Unduh