LATAR BELAKANG. Pemantauan pertumbuhan balita merupakan kegiatan penting dalam menunjang upaya perbaikan gizi, karena memiliki fungsi penapisan, deteksi gangguan pertumbuhan, penentuan intervensi, dan sebagai alat edukasi. Untuk dapat digunakan sebagai indikator kesejahteraan di masyarakat, maka harus dihasilkan'" informasi yang berkualitas baik, terutama yang berkaitan dengan hasil penimbangan balita. Selama ini masalah kualitas data penimbangan posyandu sering dipertanyakan karena data yang sangat terbatas.TUJUAN. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mempelajari kualitas data hasil penimbangan kader, mempelajari faktor-faktor, dan merumuskan saran-saran untuk peningkatan kualitas data.METODOLOGI. Studi dilakukan di 4 kabupaten yaitu Sukabumi dan Bogor di Jawa Barat, serta Demak dan Semarang di Jawa Tengah. Sebanyak 18 posyandu di masing-masing Kabupaten di pilih dengan cara Multistage sampling. Secara keseluruhan ada 72 posyandu sebagai lokasi studi. Di masing-masing posyandu dipilih satu orang kader yang bertugas menimbang sebagai sampel studi. Kualitas data hasil penimbangan dinilai dengan presisi dan akurasi kader dalam penimbangan. Setiap kader menimbang 10 anak sebanyak 2 kali, kemudian anak yang sama ditimbang oleh petugas peneliti sebanyak 2 kali. Penilaian presisi dan akurasi dilakukan dengan metode yang tercantum pada buku 'Measuring Changes of Nutritional Status (WHO, 1983). Variabel lain yang dikumpulkan meliputi data diri kader meliputi umur, pendidkan, pekerjaan dan data yang berkaitan dengan lama kerja, pelatihan, perekrutan, pembinaan, pengetahuan dan ketrampilan kader dalam menimbang. Analisa dilakukan secara deskriptif, dan analisa hubungan antara variabel bebas dengan tingkat presisi dan akurasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square.HASIL. Sebanyak 59,7 % kader memiliki tingkat presisi yang kurang baik dan hampir semua kader (97,2%) memiliki tingkat akurasi yang kurang baik. Dengan demikian kualitas data hasil penimbangan oleh kader masih sangat rendah. Dari 97,2% kader yang tidak akurat ternyata 82,5% tidak mendapat pembinaan yang baik. Faktor ketrampilan merupakan faktor penting pada kualitas data, sebagian besar kader kurang trampil, terutama dalam hal mengatur posisi bandul timbangan. Faktor ketrampilan kader ini lebih lanjut dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan kader dan pembinaan yang kurang dalam materi cara menimbang balita. Faktor-faktor lain tidak mempunyai hubungan dengan tingkat presisi maupun tingkat akurasi.KESIMPULAN. Kualitas data hasil penimbangan oleh kader masih sangat rendah. Faktor pengetahuan dan ketrampilan kader terutama dalam mengatur posisi bandul timbangan merupakan variabel yang penting dalam kaitannya dengan kualitas data.SARAN. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas data perlu dilakukan pembinaan secara berkesinambungan disamping pelatihan-pelatihan resmi yang dibentuk. Dalam hal ini pembinaan yang berkaitan dengan cara penimbangan perlu mendapat perhatian serius, disamping pembenahan posyandu dalam aspek lainnya seperti pemberian penghargaan dan sanksi. Selain itu juga dilakukan penyebaran informasi cara menimbang yang benar melalui kegiatan pembinaan yang teratur agar dapat ditingkatkan kualitas data penimbangan, dan menimbulkan budaya malu apabila tidak melaksanakan tugas dengan tanggung jawab.Daftar bacaan: 43 (1930-2002)
The Relationship Between the Characteristics and the Precision and Accuracy of Posyandu Cadres in Weighing the Children, in the Districts of Sukabumi, Bogor, Demak and Semarang, in 2002BACKGROUND. One among others, growth monitoring is an important activity to support nutrition improvement program. Growth monitoring has several functions such as to identify the targets for intervention, to detect growth failure, to identify appropriate nutrition intervention, and as educational tool. A good quality growth monitoring data could be used as an indicator of social welfare, therefore, the reliability of weight data from monthly weighing activity at posyandu should be improved. Thus far, the quality of weight data is still questionable, but the effort to evaluate it is still rarely carried out.OBJECTIVES. The objectives of the study are to evaluate the quality of weight data measured by posyandu cadre, to determine factors that are related to quality of weight data, and to formulate recommendation for improving the quality of weight data.METHODS. The study was carried out in 4 districts, namely: Sukabumi and Bogor in West Java, Demak and Semarang in Central Java. Eighteen posyandus in each district were selected using multistage sampling. In a total 72 posyandus were covered as study locations. In each posyandu one cadre whose task is weighing was selected as a study sample. The quality of weight data was evaluated by looking at the precision and accuracy of cadre in weighing. Each cadre weighed 10 children twice. The same children also weighed by field staff twice. The evaluation of precision and accuracy is based an method provided in the guidance book for `Measuring Changes of Nutritional Status', WHO, 1983. Other variables were also collected such as age of cadre, educational level, occupation, duration of being cadre, frequency of training followed by cadre, recruitment, advisory, and the knowledge and the ability of cadre in weighing. Two types of data analysis were employed: descriptive analysis and association between dependent and independent variables using Chi-square test.RESULTS. The precision and accuracy of cadre in weighing is significantly low. As many as 59.7% cadres were found to be imprecise, and 97.2% were found to be inaccurate in weighing. Around 83% of cadres who were inaccurate in weighing did not receive better guidance from the advisor. The ability of cadre in weighing is found to be an important factor that influences the quality of weight data, particularly in positioning the scale balancer ("bandul timbangan"). The ability of cadre in weighing is influenced by the lack in cadre's knowledge in how to weigh the child and the lack in guidance from the advisor. The other factors do not have significant association with precision and accuracy of cadre in weighing.CONCLUSIONS. The quality of weight data measured by cadres is still very low. The knowledge and the ability of cadres in weighing, particularly in positioning scale balancer are the important factors that associated with the quality of weight data.RECCOMENDATIONS. To improve the quality of weight data measured by cadres requires a regular and continuous guidance besides providing the cadres with formal trainings. Other than efforts to improve posyandu activity such as providing rewards and sanctions, a guidance related to method of weighing needs a serious attention, In addition, information related to quality of weight data needs to be observed, evaluated, and improved by the advisor through a regular advisory visit. |
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