|
ABSTRACTWhen we compare two or more objects with respect to their certain properties, it is usually appropriate to enquire whether they have this properties to the same degree or not. In this case, we use comparative constructions to express it. If two clauses is compared, both of them must have different elements, at least one difference.A comparative construction can involve a number of parameters, the two most important being the number of entities compared and the number of qualities or properties used. A comparative construction can uses: implicitly, explicitly, and semi explicitly patterns. Some comparative constructions use gradable adjectives as predicate. In spite of that, the other constructions use nouns or verbs as predicate.Comparative constructions in Bahasa Indonesia there are three patterns: (a) comparison of differences wick use (lebih)...daripada, dari, ketimbang, makin ...makin etc. as their comparative-markers, (b) comparison of equalities (similarities) wich use sama, seperti, bagaikan, etc., (c) comparison of superlatives wich use paling and ter- + adjective. For example of three patterns mentioned above, respectively, is (a) Ali lebih tinggi daripada Toni, (b) Ani cantik seperti ibunya, and (c) Mujahidin merupakan bagian terbesar dari aliansi oposisi tersebut.Comparative and superlative construction usually have five of elements: (i) item of comparison, (ii) degree-marker, (iii) gradable adjective, (iv) standard-marker, and (v) standard of comparison. Comparison of equality usually has four elements, that are (i) item of comparison, (ii) gradable adjective, (iii) standard-marker, and (iv) standard of comparison.If we analyze construction of comparation in bahasa Indonesia from their element, we find two primary and one secondary construction. The primary constructions are: (i) Construction 1 is construction with order of elements: item of comparison, degree-marker, gradable adjective, standard-marker, and standard of comparison and (ii) Construction 2 is construction with elements order: item of comparison, gradable adjective, degree-marker, standard-marker, and standard of comparison. The secondary construction is construction that vi not include in the primary construction.In the comparison of equalities of bahasa Indonesia there are much standard-markers that are divided in two poles of meaning: the one means 'same' (namely: sama, identik, se- + adjective, persis, seperti) and the other means 'like' (that is, mirip, bak, bagai, bagaikan, laksana, seakan-akan, seolah, semacam, seperti, identik, sebagaimana, persis, se- + adjektiva, se- + nomina). Actually, the most differet of two poles is sama and mirip. Between of both there is meaning nuance. According to me, it appereances confusing to decide wich standar-marker as prototype within comparison of equalities. Finally, by statistical hypothesis, introspective judgment, and testing to native speakers, I decided that seperti is prototype of standard-marker of comparison of equalities. |
T3678-Muh Abdul Khak.pdf :: Unduh