Infeksi Nosokomial merupakan infeksi yang terjadi di Rumah Sakit setelah pasien dirawat lebih dari tiga hari. infeksi ini menjadi masalah besar pada setiap rumah sakit, di Amerika angka kejadian infeksi nosokomial mencapai rata-rata 6 persen. Di Indonesia, beberapa hasil survailens menunjukkan angka kejadian infeksi nosokomial berkisar 1 -15 persen, dengan angka kejadian infeksi paling tinggi di bagian bedah.Kejadian infeksi nosokomial dapat memberikan kerugian, baik terhadap pasien, Rumah Sakit maupun terhadap tenaga kesehatannya. Selain hari rawat akan bertambah dan biaya perawatan tinggi, pasien akan mengalami gangguan fungsi tubuh dari yang paling ringan sampai gangguan berat pada seluruh sistem tubuh. Oleh karenanya, angka kejadian infeksi nosokomial ini telah digunakan sebagai salah satu tolok ukur mutu pelayanan Rumah Sakit.Untuk mengantisipasi keadaan tersebut, pada tahun 1987 telah dimulai upaya pengendalian infeksi nosokomial dengan menunjuk lima Rumah Sakit Umun Pusat untuk dijadikan Rumah Sakit rujukan pengendalian infeksi nosokomial, termasuk diantaranya RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Lingkup kegiatannya mencakup pelatihan tim pengendalian infeksi nosokomial, penyusunan komite pengendalian infeksi nosokomial , penyusunan standar operasional prosedur, surveilens, dan pelaksanaan tindakan pencegahan. Program ini bertujuan membentuk perilaku petugas kesehatan agar tetap patuh dalam melaksanakan tindakan medic atau keperawatan, dan pengendalian lingkungan dalam upaya pencegahan infeksi nosokomial.Prioritas pengendalian infeksi nosokomial di RSVP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung adalah pencegahan infeksi luka operasi yang memiliki angka kejadian infeksi nosokomial paling tinggi di bagian bedah. Kegiatan pengendaliannya mencakup tindakan pencegahan sebelum pasien di operasi, selama pasien di operasi dan sesudah pasien di operasi.Atas dasar hal tersebut diatas, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktorfaktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku kepatuhan petugas kesehatan dalam pencegahan infeksi nosokomial luka operasi di bagian bedah RSUP Dr.Hasan Sadikin Bandung.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan melalui kegiatan survai kros-seksional survei, menggunakan responden tenaga dokter dan perawat yang bekerja di bagian rawat inap bedah dan kamar operasi RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Pengambilan total sampel adalah sebanyak 117 responden dan pertigumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi tindakan medis 1 keperawatan dan wawancara.Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan univariat, Kai-kuadrat untuk melihat hubungan variabel dependen dengan variabel independen, dan untuk mengetahui variabel independen yang paling berhubungan dilakukan uji multivariat regresi logistik.Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya hubungan antara perilaku kepatuhan petugas kesehatan dengan latar belakang pendidikan petugas kesehatan yang tinggi, pengetahuan petugas yang balk, dan sikap petugas kesehatan yang balk dan pengawasan yang baik umumnya dapat melakukan tindakan pencegahan infeksi nosokomial luka operasi yang baik pula.Rata-rata tingkat kepatuhan petugas kesehatan dalam pencegahan infeksi nosokomial tersebut di bagian bedah. RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung adalah 40,2 % baik, 39,3 % sedang, dan 21,5 % kepatuhan rendah. Variabel pengawasan tim menunjukkan hubungan paling bermakna terhadap perilaku petugas kesehatan dalam pengendali infeksi nosokomial tersebut. Dengan pengawasan yang baik, petugas kesehatan mempunyai peluang untuk patuh melaksanakan pencegahan infeksi nosokomial mencapai 89 persen.Keberadaan tim pengendali infeksi nosokomial di Rumah Sakit memberikan dampak yang cukup baik bagi terwujudnya perilaku kepatuhan petugas kesehatan dalam pencegahan infeksi nosokomial luka operasi.
Nosocomial infection is an infection on patient which occured after care more than three days. This infection become a big problem for every hospital, in America, it have achieved average occurance value of 6 percent for nosocomial infection. In Indonesia, some surveilens results showed the occurence value of nosocomial infection was about 1-15 percent with the highest occurance at the surgical division.The occurance nosocomial infection could gave disadvantages directly to the patients, hospitals, and also health providers. Besides a long stay care and expensive cost, the patient will faced problem of body faction systems, either from light to heavy disturbances. So that, the occurance value of nosocomial infections was use as measures of quality services of hospital.To antisipate those conditions, in 1997, it .was started the preventing effort of nosocomial infection with address to five hospitals center as reference to prevent those infections, including for the RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Scope activities covered training for the prevention team, commitee arragement, standard arragement for operational procedure of preventing nosocomial infections, and surveilens.The prevention priority ofnosocomial infection in RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung is to prevent of wounds which have highest occurance value for nososcomial infection at the surgical division. Those activities also covered preventive measures of the patient before operation, during the operation, and after the operation process.Based on the above mentions, the objectives of this research was to obtain information concerning factors which retalted to compliance behavior of health providers in preventing nosocomial infections of wounds at the surgical division of RSVP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung.The research was conducted through the activities of cross sectional survey, using respondents of medical doctors and nurces which worked at division of surgical care stayed and the operation room in RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. The total samples were 117 respondents, and data collection was done through observation of medical I nursing activities and also the discussion.Statistical analysis used distribution frequencies and Xi-square analysis to find the relationship among the dependance variable and each independance variables. However, multivariate analysis with the logistic regression was also use to find a dominance independence variable which gave the highest relation.The research results showed there was significant relationships among compliance behavior of health providers with education level, knowledge, attitudes of health providers, and the monitoring team. The health providers which have higher level education, better knowledge, and better attitudes were usually done better in preventing nosocomial infection of wounds.The average value of compliance behavior for health providers in preventing nosocomial infections at the surgical division of RSUP Dr, Hasan Sadikin Bandung were 40.2 % better, 39.3 % fair, and 21,5 % low, respectively. The role of monitoring team gave better relationships to the behavior of health providers in preventing those nosocomial infections. The compliance behavior of health providers could be improve to 89 percent in preventing nosocomial infection, through better team monitoring activities.The availability team of preventing nosocomial infection in the hospitals gave better impacts on the improving compliance behavior of health providers to prevent nosocomial infection of the wounds. |
T 5174-Faktor-faktor.pdf :: Unduh