Tesis ini membahas gerakan sosial baru yang terjadi di Papua. Bagaimana sikap penolakan masyarakat Papua terhadap integerasi dengan Indonesia sejak tahun 1969 lewat Penentuan Pendapat Rakyat (PEPERA) dengan bergerilya bersenjata kemudian berubah menjadi cara-cara damai dengan berpolitik dan membangun basis kekuatan massa bukan saja di hutan tetapi sampai didalam kota (konsep masyarakat modern).Dengan menghadirkan organisasi perjuangan yang bernama Presidium Dewan Papua (PDP) sikap menolak integrasi. Sehingga yang menjadi rumusan masalah yaitu bagaimana bentuk organisasi PDP dan perannya dalam melahirkan gerakan sosial baru di Papua ?. Eksplorasi metode pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, karena peristiwa ini relatif masih baru maka sumber paling baik adalah pengumpulan dokumen dari hasil Musyawarah Besar (MUBES), Kongres Rakyat Papua Ke II dan dokumen penting PDP dan yang terpenting mewawancarai tokoh-tokoh gerakan sosial baru ini. Untuk memperkuat penelitian ini maka penulis menggunakan teori-teori gerakan sosial baru yang paling relevan dan tepat . Dengan melihat kunci kekuatan teori tersebut dimana lahirnya organisasi perlawanan rakyat, tokoh / pimpinan, adanya kesempatan politik, partisipasi masyarakat akar rumput dan tanggapan pihak yang berkuasa (pemerintah), sehingga lahir mobilisasi massa dan mobilisasi politik, karena adanya suatu kepercayaan (belief) sebagai sumber penyatu.Temuan penelitian ini benar-benar menunjukkan realitas di Papua sebagai fenomena gerakan sosial baru yaitu, organisasi PDP yang laior berhasil merubah pola gerakan yang sebelumnya dengan cara gerilya bersenjata menjadi cara damai dan pola itu menjadi tema pokok perjuangan rakyat, selain ini representatif rakyat dengan melibatkan komponen perjuangan masa lalu seperti TPN / OPM, Tapoll Napol , perempuan, intelektual, dan lain-lain menunjukkan proses demokrasi yang jalan pada tingkat bawah. Cara-cara ini mendapat perhatian yang luar biasa bukan saja dari pemerintah Indonesia bahkan dunia luar.Sekali lagi fenomena ini menjadi sangat menarik dan dapat di tarik bebarapa kesimpulan penting seperti ; ada satu perubahan dimana rakyat dapat memposisikan dirinya dalam konstalasi politik dan bernegara menjadi objek yang sangat berperan, kemudian rakyat tidak lagi semata-mata dijadikan objek keputusan pemerintah. Terjadi interplay of power antara institusi resmi dan kekuatan non formal massa. Akhirnya peran-peran oposisi sangat efektif dalam menciptakan perubahan yang cukup signifikan dalam bentuk kebijakan untuk menampung aspirasi rakyat yang timbul.
New Social Movement The Papuan Presidium Council And The New Social Movement In Papua After The Fall Of The New Order Regime In 1998This thesis discusses a developing New Social Movement In Papua. The nature of rejection of the Papuan community against integration with Indonesia, initially resulted from the so called Act Of Free Choice in 1969 was shown at the very beginning in guerrilla warfare. Recently, in spite of ongoing counter-tenor and intimidating human right violations the struggle has totally changed its course by the adoption of more peaceful and humane means for the restoration of Papuan sovereignty through the establishment of mass political power at the grass-root level, which exists not only in jungles but has widely spread into urban areas (a civic/modem society concept).The presence of The Papuan Presidium Council (locally known as Presidium Dewan Papua or the PDP), play an important role in voicing people's rejection on integration with Indonesia. The new struggle concept has put a challenging strain on PDP, namely, how to organizationally activate this new form of Social Movement in Papua to keep up the struggle ? The exploration of this research fully adopt qualitative research method. As the case is a new, most of the resources are tapped from direct outcome of Deliberation Meetings (Mubes), the Second Papuan People Congress, PDP's initial documentation, and most importantly direct interview with those who - are responsible and involved in maintaining the New Social Movement. In order to strengthen the results of this research the writer has adopted the most recent, most relevant and most popular new social movement theories. Through these theories we can simply see in this case that the unity and oneness established among emerging people resistance organizations, community figures and leader, grass-root communities participation, situational political moments, and mass political mobilization against the government's authoritarian response, are tied as one based on one single beliefAchievements of the research indicated the emergence of current socio-political phenomenon in Papua as a New Social Movement. PDP has succeeded in converting a violence-based struggle into a `peaceful struggle'. Mass consolidation which involve a great deal of community representatives as well as past resistance organizations such as TPNIOPM (Papua Liberation Army), Tapol/Napol (Ex-political prisoners), as well as other civic components including women, intellectuals et cetera, is a good sign of a smooth running democratization at the grass-root level. Such situation has drawn serious foreign as well as domestic government attentions.The phenomenon has served us some very interesting conclusions : the people has succeeded in the repositioning process to proactively participate in the overall state political constellation, and that the people are not longer object to government decisions. There is an interplay of power between existing formal institution and the non-formal people (mass) power. Finally, the current opposition has played an effective role in creating significant changes through the adoption of new policies in order to enhance accommodation of all emerging people aspirations. |
T 13710-Gerakan sosial.pdf :: Unduh