Peristiwa 11 September 2001 adalah momentum yang sangat tepat bagi Amerika Serikat untuk memulai perang terhadap teroris internasional secara terbuka. Sejak saat itu, negara penguasa tunggal dunia ini mulai membuat kebijakan-kebijakan strategis di dalam negerinya untuk mempersempit dan memberangus gerak para teroris. Dengan segala sumberdaya yang dimiliki dan menggunakan segala instrumen yang bisa dipakai, AS berusaha untuk menghentikan segala aksi teror yang masih mungkin terjadi. Bersamaan dengan itu, lewat kampanye War on Terrorisme global, AS menggalang kerjasama dalam berbagai bentuk dengan semua negara di dunia. Lewat pedekatan slick and carrot dan penawaran dua pilihan, "bersama Amerika atau bersama teroris," membuat kampanye AS ini sukses besar, dalam arti mendapat dukungan mayoritas dari negara-negara di dunia. Dengan menggunakan instrumen-instrumen politik internasional, seperti penetrasi dan intervensi melalui sarana media massa dan militer membuat siapa saja yang dianggap AS sebagai teroris akan sangat mudah "ditaklukkan."Didakwanya Al-Qaedah, kelompok Islam garis keras sebagai pelaku aksi teror terhadap AS kembali membangkitkan wacana permusuhan Islam dan Barat, semacam perang antar peradaban yang diramalkan Samuel Huntington di awal tahun 90-an. Bersamaan dengan itu tuduhan dan kritikan terhadap Islam sebagai ideologi yang mendukung aksi kekerasan semakin menguat, terutama di negara-negara Barat yang tidak mengenal Islam secara proporsional, sehingga sampai ada yang berpikiran ideologi ini harus dihancurkan. Bahkan dibeberapa tempat, pasca terjadinya serangan 11 September 2001 warga muslim diperlakukan secara kasar bahkan ada yang menggunakan kekerasan fisik, khususnya di negara yang warga muslimnya minoritas.Pilihan-pilihan strategi yang digunakan Amerika terlihat sangat dipengaruhi oleh orang-orang di sekeliling Presiden Bush yang cenderung beraliran konfrontasionalis, yang melihat setiap persoalan dengan kacamata permusuhan dan cenderung memilih cara kekerasan dalam menyelesaikan setiap persoalan.Kebijakan Amerika memerangi teroris telah menimbulkan implikasi negatif bagi komunitas muslim di berbagai belahan dunia, termasuk bagi komunitas Islam Politik di Indonesia. Secara psikologis, instrumen penetrasi dan intervensi yang dijalankan Amerika telah menimbulkan ketakutan dan kengerian yang mendalam di kalangan komunitas Islam Politik dalam menghadapi aksi-aksi counter terrorism. Tindakan-tindakan represif yang diambil aparat keamanan di dalam negeri dalam upaya mencari dan menangkap para pelaku aksi teror yang tidak jarang menimbulkan persoalan baru dalam masyarakat, khususnya masalah keamanan. Pada sisi lain, upaya memerangi teroris juga semakin memperkuat resistensi komunitas Islam Politik terhadap kebijakan-kebijakan yang dijalankan Amerika baik di dalam maupun di luar negeri. Apalagi ketika langkah-langkah yang diambil terkesan sangat sejalan dengan apa yang diinginkan Amerika.
The 9/11-terror attack was a momentum for the United States to begin its war towards international terrorists openly. It was since this attack that the world super power began to re-formulate its domestic strategic policies in order to limit and diminish the movement of the terrorists. With all resources and instruments that it has, the United States attempted to avoid all possible terror attacks, which may happen in the future. Along with it, through its war on terror campaign, the U.S. organizes multilateral cooperation in any form with all countries around the world. Through its stick and carrot approach, it offers others with two choices that is either "to be with the U.S or with the terrorists". This approach has been successful in terms that it gains support from various countries. It uses international political instruments, such as penetrating and intervening others through media and military so that the U.S. can easily overcome those who are considered by the U.S as terrorists.The charge over Al-Qaedah, a group of radical Muslims as the actor behind the deadly terrorist attack has awakened the old hatred between Islam and the West, as a clash of civilization, which was first emerged as a thesis formulated by Samuel Huntington in the early 1990s. The accusation and attack towards Islam as an ideology that supports violence acts is strengthening, especially in Western Countries, which do not really understand Islam. Therefore, it is unquestionable that many of them think that Islam has to be destroyed. In fact, in various places after the 9/11 attacks, many Muslims have been badly treated, especially for those who live as a minority groups.All of these strategic policies have been very much influenced by those officials close to President George W. Bush who tends to be confrontative, meaning that he always try to see all problems in enmity and tend to use violence actions in solving every problems.The U.S. policies to fight the terrorists have created negative impact to the Muslim community in various countries around the world, including those in Indonesia. Psychologically, the penetration and intervention policies that are adopted by the U.S. have created fear among the political Islam communities. Repressive actions that are taken by the state apparatus in many cases have formed new problems in the community, such as the security issues. On the other hand, the attempts to fight terrorists have also strengthened the Muslims' community resistance towards U.S. foreign or domestic policies. Worse still, those policies are taken in order to secure the U.S. interests. |
T 15041-Implikasi kebijakan.pdf :: Unduh