ABSTRACT
Since July 1997. there was a monetary crisis in Indonesia. This condition influences health and nutritional status of the communitv. There was a decrease of purchasing power. due to lack job opportunities. This condition lead to decreasing in quality and quantity of food intake of children under-five in the community.Four cross-sectional surveys were carried out in East Jakarta in September 1993, April 1998, December 1998, and March 1999. There were totally 1859 under five children and 1622 household assessed within the four surveys. Multi stage random sampling was used in the first survey (September 1993) by Susilowati Regardless there were under fives or not the study covered all subdristricts select households having children under the age 60 months from 16 village units of 10 sub-districts. And the next three surveys used the same study area as the first study data on socio-economic, food consumption. environmental situation and nutrition status were collected using pre-coded questionaire and anthropometric measurements. The percentage of fathers without occupation increased in 1999 (7 .3 ~o) as compare to 1993 (2%). The anthropometric status of under-five children in September 1993. April 1998, December 1998 and March 1999 show the prevalence of stunting are as following 22.7%, 16.1%, 25 .4% and 22% (p value < 0.05, Chi Square). While the prevalence of wasting are as following 15%, 17.90/o, 11 .5% and 14.1 % (p value < 0.05, Chi Square). There were no significant difference in nutritional status between boys and girls within the four surveys. During the monetary crisis there were significant difference in prevalence of underweight (April'98 survey) in children from lower strata/percentile of per capitafood expenditure and upper level of strata percentile of per capita food expenditure (p < 0.05, Chi Square). Anthropometric indicators were calculated using growth reference data of the National Center for health Statistics ( 1977 )The prevalence of stunting and wasting were also significantly higher inthcgroup receiving food aid compared to those without food aid. There is no significant difference in prevalence of malnourished mother by using cut-off point BMJ< 18.5. The prevalence of malnourished mother found in September 1993 was 14.7%. in April 1998 was 13.1%': in December 1998 was 16.2%, and in March 1999 was 13%. The same situation also describe ·n BM1>25 which has no changes from 1993 to 1999. The prevalence of overweight (BMI > 25) mother found in September 1993 was 24.2%, April 1998 was 21.3%, December 1998 19.1%, and March 1999 24.6%. It seems that the crisis has no impact on nutritional status of non pregnant mother.The crisis was associated with a clear negative shift in household foodconsumption. The intake of animal prolein sources significantly decreased (p value<0.05.chi-square). as a coping mechanism the plant protein as well as green leafy begetables consumption increased makedly)Based on strata/percentile of per capita food expenditure there were nodifference within the strata in all surveys in eggs consumption in the family but there were diference for poultry, meat, fish and milk (p< 0 05. Chi Square)There was assoaciation between children nutritional starus and frequency of food intake of animal protein, milk, fruit and cooking oil (p value < 0.05 anova). There were also assoctation between nutritional status of under live children with food expenditure number of household member, mother nutrional status (BMI and MUAC). Duration of breast-feeding snack consumption, total expenditure and food and program |
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