Status gizi anak dapat ditentukan dengan menggunakan perhinmgan Indeks Massa Tubub (IMT) anak menurut jenis kelamin dan umur berdasarkan kuwa pensentiie dari CDC Growth. Kelebihan gizi anak sekolah disebabkan karena konsumsi energi yang berlebih dari kebutuhan dan berlangsung dalam waktu yang lama. Faktor lain adalah kurangnya aktivitas, karena adanya kebiasaan menonton televisi dan bermain komputer, adanya perubahan gaya hidup akibat meningkatnya perekonomian, kebiasaan makan makanan tinggi kalori dan lemak serta rendah serat yang diwujudkan dengan semakin banyak dijualnya makanan jajanan dan fast food.Penelitian ini dilakukan di SD PSKD Kwitang VIII Depok pada bulan Oktober dan Nopember tahun 2001. Didapatkan kejadian status gizi kurang sebesar 9,6% dan status gizi lebih sebesar 29,8%. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan konsumsi makanan dan faktor-faktor lain dengan status gizi anak sekolah tersebut. Desain penelitian adalah croseseciional dan cara pengambilan sampel dengan sistematika random. Sampel adalah murid keias IV~VI dengan jumlah 200 orang. Analisis data dilakukan dengan regresi linear, status gizi diukur dalam IMT sebagai variabel dependen dan variabel-variabel umur, jenis kelamin, berat badan lahir, pendidikan orang tua, status bekerja ibu, jumlah anak, IMT orang tua, konsumsi makanaan, pola makan, kebiasaan jajan, kebiasaan makan fast food, olahraga dan pendapatan/kapita/bulan sebagai variabel independem. Analisis data yang dilakukan meliputi analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivaziat dengan program software SPSSO 9.Hasil penelitian didapatkan responden dengan status gizi lebih sebesar 42% dan gizi kuramg 8%. Rata0rata IMT responden 19 ± 4,lkg/m2. Hasil uji anova dan uji t menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) rata-rata IMT anak menurut IMT orang tua dan kebiasaan berolahmga tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05) rata-rala IMT anak menurut jenis kelamin, pendidjkan orang tua, status bekerja ibu, jumlah anak dan pola makan. Hasil uji regresi dan korelasi didapatkan adanya hubungan bermakna (p<0,05) antara umur, konsumsi energi, protein*, lemak*, karbohidmt* setelah di adjust dengan total energi, waktu nonton televisi, pendapatan/kapita/bulan dengan IMT. Tidak adanya hubungan yang bermakna (p>0,05) berat badan lahir, kebiasaan jajan, kebiasaan makan fast food, waktu tidur dengan IMT. Hasil analisis multivariat regresi linear didapatkan variabel umur merupakan variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan IMT (12 = 0,20). Anak SD di PSKD Kwilang VIII Depok mengalami masalah gizi ganda, yaitu masalah gizi kurang masih ada dan sudah ada masalah gizi lebih. Untuk itu, bagi Depanemen Kesehatan dlharapkan membuat suatu standar yang baku status gizi anak menurut IMT, umur dan jenis kelamin anak agar lebih mudah digunakan dan lebih sensitif memjaring status gizi, menggiatkan program UKS mengenai gizi dengan melakukan pengukuran antropometri secara peliodik, penyuluhan gizi dan olahmga, penelitian lanjut dengan jumlah sekolah yang lebih banyak sehingga mempemleh angka kejadian untuk anak sekolah dasar di kata Depok. Bagi sekolah melakukan penyuluhan-penyuluhan tentang gizi kepada semua murid dan orang tua secara periodik mengenai penyebab terjadinya gizi lebih dan akibatnya, pentingnya makan pagi, mengurangi makanan jajan tinggi kalori dan lemak, menggiatkan olahraga, dan pemasaran PUGS. Bagi pengelola kantin tentang penyediaan makanan yang sehat dan seimbang akan zat gizi, seperti buah-buahan dan mengurangi penjualan makanan gorengan.
The status of child nutrition can be determined by using calculation child Body Mass Index (BMI) according sex and age based on percentile curve of CDC Growth. Over nutrition on schoolchildren are caused by energy that consumed is over than needed and it was done in long time. Other firetors were less activity, habit to see television and playing computer game, caused by the changes of life style due to the improving of income in their family, habit to consume high calorie, fatty food., and fewer iibbers that presented in sweet food and fast food.This study was conducted at SD PSKD Kwitang VIII Depok on October-November, 2001. It was found that the rate of under nutrition showed 9,6%, and over nutrition was 29,8%- The objective of this Study W3 to identify the relationship of food consmne and other factors with nutritional status of those school children The design of this study was cross sectional and the samples took randomly. The samples were the schoolchildren of IV-VI graders; with the number are 200 people. The data analysis by regression linear, nutrition status in BMI as dependent variable and variables age, sex, birth weight, parents' education, mother?s profession, number of child, parents' BMI, food consume, food pattern, habit to buy snacks, habit to eat fasrfood, time to sleep, time to watch television, exercise and monthly income per capita are as independent variables- The data was analysis by univariate, bivariane and multivariate with SPSS versi 9.The result of this study found that the subject with over nutrition were 42%, and under nutrition showed 8%. The average of respondents BMI was 19 ± 4,lkg/ml. The result of anova test and t twt showed that there was significantly different (`p<0,05) average child's BMI according to parents BMI and habit of exercise and there was no significantly different (p>0,05) average chiId?s BMI according sex, parent?s education, mother?s profession, number of child and food pattern. The result of regression test and correlation, it was found that there was significantly relationship with (p<0,05) among age, number of child, energy consume and protein, tat, carbohydrate alter adjusted by total energy and time to see television and playing computer games, monthly income per capita with BMI and there was no significantly (p>0,05) birth weight, habit to buy snacks, habit to cat fast food, time to sleep, with BMI. Based on linear regression nlsultivariate analysis found that variable age was the most domimnt relation to BMI ( =0,20).The school children at SD PSKD Kwitang VIII Depok having problem with multi nutrition problems, thee were still have problem with under nuuition and also over nutrition. It is recommended to Minisny of Helth to make a value standard on childs BMI with age and sex more useful and more sensitive to screen nutritional status of the children to involve the School Health Program on nutrition by conducting antropometry measurement periodically, nutrition education and exercise. Further study should involve more schools, so it can be obtained the number of case for primary school children at Depok lt also recommended that the school should facilitate nutrition education to entire ofthe schoolchildren and their parents periodically. Regarding the cause of over nutrition and is impact, it is important to have breakfast, reduce to eat high calorie and fatty, active exercises, marketing of PUGS. For canteen management on providing healthy food and meet with balance of nutrition, such as fruits and reduce to sell more tried snacks. |
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