Hasil ekskavasi Situs Gua Pawon tahun 2019 dan 2021 dari kotak T2U1, T2S1, T3U1, T3S1, dan T4S1 menemukan sebanyak 976 spesimen gigi hewan yang dapat digunakan untuk merekonstruksi lingkungan Situs Gua Pawon pada masa lalu. Untuk mengetahui tingkatan taksa hewan hingga keletakan gigi dilakukan analisis taksonomik dan anatomik, sedangkan rekonstruksi lingkungan dilakukan melalui analisis lingkungan berdasarkan pembagian kelompok fungsional fauna menurut Julien Louys (2012). Metode penelitian terdiri dari enam tahapan, yaitu formulasi, implementasi, pengumpulan data, pengolahan data, analisis, dan interpretasi. Hasilnya, tercatat 120 individu hewan dari 13 famili berbeda ditemukan di Situs Gua Pawon dengan dominasi Famili Cercopithecidae pada keempat unit analisis. Walaupun demikian, sumbangan protein yang dihasilkan juga perlu diperhatikan, sehingga hewan berukuran besar (megafauna), seperti Famili-famili Suidae, Bovidae, dan Cervidae lebih potensial menjadi hewan buruan utama untuk konsumsi, sedangkan Famili-famili Cercopithecidae dan Hystricidae menjadi pelengkap dari variasi makanan yang dikonsumsi. Selain itu, ditemukan juga perhiasan dari gigi ikan hiu, serta gigi taring Carnivora, Cercopithecidae, dan Suidae dengan jejak modifikasi berupa pelubangan bagian akar gigi dan penajaman mahkota gigi. Dengan demikian, manusia penghuni Gua Pawon merupakan pemburu yang dapat memanfaatkan seluruh potensi hewan dari habitat terestrial, arboreal, dan perairan yang berada di sekitar Situs Gua Pawon.
Excavations at the Pawon Cave Site in 2019 and 2021 from boxes T2U1, T2S1, T3U1, T3S1, and T4S1 lead to the discovery of 976 specimens of animal teeth that could be used to reconstruct the past of the Pawon’s Cave Site environment. In order to determine the level of animal taxa to the location of the teeth, taxonomic and anatomical analyzes were carried out, while environmental reconstruction was carried out through environmental analysis based on the distribution of faunal functional groups by Julien Louys (2012). The research method consists of six steps, namely formulation, implementation, data collection, data processing, analysis, and interpretation. As a result, 120 individual animals from 13 different families were found at the Pawon Cave site with the dominance of the Cercopithecidae family in each four units of analysis. However, it is also necessary to the contribution of protein produced, so that large animals (megafauna), such as the Families Suidae, Bovidae, and Cervidae, have more potential to become main game animals for consumption, while the Families Cercopithecidae and Hystricidae become a complement to a variety of foods consumed. In addition, jewelry from shark teeth and canine teeth of Carnivora, Cercopithecidae and Suidae were also found with traces of modification in the form of perforation of the roots of the teeth and sharpening of the dental crowns. Thus, the human inhabitants of Pawon Cave are hunters who can utilize all the potential of animals from terrestrial, arboreal and aquatic habitats around the Pawon’s Cave Site. |
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