Paradigma pembangunan sekadar berbasis materialistis dan hanya berfokus pada capaian pertumbuhan ekonomi telah meminggirkan manusia sebagai subjek khususnya perempuan. Pembangunan infrastruktur energi dan kelistrikan yang buta gender bukan memberikan manfaat kepada perempuan melainkan menghasilkan tekanan tambahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap implikasi pembangunan fasilitas listrik berbasis komunitas terhadap kapabilitas perempuan di kampung adat, utamanya persoalan akses dan partisipasi dalam pembangunan, pemaknaan perubahan dari listrik dan pembentukan kapabilitas perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori kapabilitas yang disandingkan dengan teori interseksionalitas dan pemikiran feminisme postkolonial untuk menganalisis temuan-temuan empirik. Metodologi penelitian kualitatif dilakukan melalui analisis data sekunder, observasi, dan wawancara mendalam terhadap lima perempuan subjek utama serta dua orang subjek pendukung. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di kampung adat Ubu Oleta, desa Weetana, kecamatan Laboya Barat, Sumba, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa akses dan prasarana masih buruk dan minim partisipasi perempuan dalam proses pembangunan. Perempuan di kampung adat masih belum dapat memanfaatkan kehadiran listrik secara optimal. Aturan adat berupa belis merupakan hambatan dalam pertisipasi, akses, dan pemanfaatan listrik bagi perempuan. Perempuan di kampung adat selain mengalami diskriminasi akibat aturan adat, sebagai individu dengan beragam identitas, juga mengalami tekanan secara interseksionalitas struktural, politik, dan representasional. Temuan yang juga penting adalah perempuan tetap mampu mengaktifkan faktor-faktor konversi lingkungan, sosial, dan personal dalam mencapai fungsi kapabilitas mereka sebagai perwujudan penggunaan listrik. Kendala struktural aturan adat dan belis menjadi hambatan utama dalam mencapai fungsi kapabilitas mereka, karena berbagai diskriminasi yang muncul dari praktik adat tersebut, menyebabkan beban ekonomi yang menjurus ke pemiskinan terstruktur. Rekomendasi utama adalah mengupayakan revitalisasi aturan adat terkait belis dan meningkatkan peran partisipasi perempuan yang hakiki dalam proses pembangunan energi.
The development paradigm that based on materialism is only focuses on achieving economic growth, which has tendency to marginalize people especially women. Gender- blind development of energy and electricity infrastructure does not provide benefits to women but creates additional pressure. This study aims to reveal the implications of the development of community-based electricity facilities on women's capabilities in traditional villages, especially the issues of access and participation in development, the significant of changes from electricity and the development of women's capabilities. This study utilize capability theory alongside intersectionality theory and postcolonial feminist thinking to analyze empirical findings. The qualitative research methodology was carried out through secondary data analysis, observation, and in-depth interviews with five women as the main subjects and two informants as supporting subjects. The research location was carried out in the Kampung Adat Ubu Oleta, Desa Weetana, kecamatan Laboya Barat, kabupaten Sumba, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. This research found that access and infrastructure were poor and women's participation in the development process was insignificant. Women in kampung adat are still unable to optimized utilization of electricity. The customary rule in the form of belis is an obstacle in the participation, access and utilization of electricity for women. In addition women are experiencing discrimination due to customary rules, women in kampung adat, as individuals with various identities, also experience pressure from structural, political and representational intersectionality. An important finding is that women are still able to activate environmental, social and personal conversion factors in achieving their capability function as a result utilization of electricity. Structural constraints on customary rules and belis are the main obstacles in achieving their capability function, because various discriminations that arise from these customary practices cause an economic burden that leads to structured impoverishment. The main recommendations are seeking to revitalize customary rules regarding belis and increase the role of women's participation in the energy development process. |
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