Konflik di Suriah mendapat simpati dari masyarakat internasional, termasuk para warga negara dari berbagai negara untuk melakukan jihad. Pasca kekalahan Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) oleh pasukan koalisi Amerika Serikat (AS) di Kota Baghouz, para Foreign Fighter yang tergabung ke ISIS menyerah dan tertangkap oleh pasukan Syria Democratic Force (SDF). Kondisi tersebut kemudian memicu gelombang kembali (Returnees) dari Foreign Fighter ke negara asal. Foreign Terrorist Fighter (FTF) Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendalami motivasi dan harapan para FTF Indonesia untuk kembali ke negara asal. Apakah selama ini kembalinya ke Indonesia hanya untuk mencari tempat perlindungan dari potensi munculnya sanksi dari internasional maupun negara lain, atau mereka merasa kecewa dan sadar bahwa selama ini yang mereka lakukan adalah tindakan yang salah karena mendukung kelompok teroris. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui wawancara terhadap narasumber dan studi pustaka dari literatur terkait. Selanjutnya, data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis Miles dan Huberman dengan menginterpretasikan dan mencari hubungan di antara dimensi-dimensi uraian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa motivasi kembali para FTF terdiri dari empat hal, yakni meneruskan jihad, penyesalan, kecewa, dan bertahan hidup. Sementara itu, harapan kembali para FTF terdiri dari tiga hal, yaitu jihad global, kehidupan normal, dan kehidupan layak. Dari keempat motivasi dan ketiga harapan kembali para FTF tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa motivasi dan harapan kembali para FTF memberikan pengaruh terhadap perilaku mereka setelah memilih menjadi returnees. Di sisi lain, disarankan agar dapat melakukan pemilihan dan kategorisasi terhadap para Foreign Terrorist Fighter, khususnya latar belakang mereka apakah berasal dari kelompok teroris dalam negeri ataupun berangkat karena dorongan individu.
The conflict in Syria has received sympathy from the international community, including citizen from various countries, to carry out jihad. After the defeat of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) by the United States (US) coalition forces in Baghouz, the Foreign Fighters who joined ISIS surrendered and were captured by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF). This situation triggers a wave of returns (Returnees) from Foreign Fighters to their countries. The Foreign Terrorist Fighters (FTF) who returned to their home country brought the potential for spreading radicalism, and some already had military capabilities. Even so, not all FTF from Indonesia who returned still harbored the desire to continue their terror agendas. This research analyzes and explores the motivations and expectations of Indonesian FTF to become returnees. Have they only returned to Indonesia to seek refuge from the potential for sanctions from international and other countries, or have they felt disappointed and realized that what they did was wrong because they supported terrorist groups. This research uses a qualitative approach through interviews with informants and literature studies from related literature. Furthermore, the data obtained were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman analysis techniques by interpreting and looking for the relation between the description dimensions. The results of this study indicate that the motivation of FTF to become returnees consists of four things: continuing jihad, regret, disappointment, and survival. Meanwhile, the expectations for the return of the FTF consists of three things: global jihad, a normal life, and decent life. From the four motivations and three expectations of the returnees, it can be seen that the motivations and expectations of the returnees influence their behavior after choosing to become returnees. On the other hand, it is recommended for further research to be able to categorize FTF, especially their background, whether they come from domestic terrorist groups or depart because of individual motivation. |
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