Penelitian ini membahas perubahan gerakan bersenjata ke partai politik : studi komparatif Partai Aceh-Indonesia & Partai Sinn Fein-Irlandia Utara pada pemilu periode 2009-2022. Terdapat dua permasalahan dalam penelitian ini, pertama, bagaimana perubahan gerakan bersenjata menjadi partai politik GAM ke Partai Aceh dan IRA ke Partai Sinn Fein, kedua, bagaimana pelembagaan Partai Aceh dan Partai Sinn Fein pada pemenangan pemilu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode komparatif Sigmund Neumann yang bertujuan membandingkan faktor-faktor penelitian terkait pelembagaan Partai Aceh dan Partai Sinn Fein. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam kepada narasumber penelitian, serta pengumpulan data sekunder melalui dokumen-dokumen, gambar-gambar terkait. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada transformasi gerakan bersenjata ke partai politik, Partai Aceh kecenderungan menggunakan pola patronase dalam memaksimalkan kinerja mesin partai untuk mencapai tujuan politik, meskipun Partai Aceh berhasil menjadi pemenang selama tiga periode pemilu pasca konflik, tetapi mengalami penurunan perolehan kursi di DPR Aceh. Sedangkan Partai Sinn Fein dalam transformasi gerakan bersenjata pasca-konflik berhasil mempertahankan perolehan kursi di Majelis Irlandia Utara dan mencatat sejarah dengan menduduki jabatan menteri pertama sejak tahun 1921. Sedangkan terkait transformasi gerakan bersenjata menjadi partai politik yakni Partai Aceh dan Partai Sinn Fein dengan melihat (demiliterisasi struktur organisasi, demokratisasi pengambilan keputusan, pengembangan organisasi partai dan adaptasi strategi dan tujuan). Signifikansi teori Armed Rebellion, Institusionalisasi dan transformasi gerakan bersenjata ke partai politik relevan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Teori ini dapat membantu melihat perubahan gerakan bersenjata ke partai politik di kedua wilayah pasca konflik, meskipun hasil pada keduanya berbeda, secara keseluruhan dapat dikategorikan sukses.
This research discusses the change of armed movements to political parties: a comparative study of the Aceh-Indonesia Party & Sinn Fein Party-North Ireland in the 2009-2022 election period. There are two problems in this research, first, how is the change of the armed movement from GAM to the Aceh Party and IRA to the Sinn Fein Party, second, how is the institutionalization of the Aceh Party and the Sinn Fein Party in winning elections. This study uses the Sigmund Neumann comparative method which aims to compare research variables related to the institutionalization of the Aceh Party and the Sinn Fein Party. Data collection techniques were carried out by in-depth interviews with research informants, as well as secondary data collection through related documents and images. The results of this study indicate that in the transformation of armed movements into political parties, the Aceh Party tends to use patronage patterns in maximizing the performance of the party machine to achieve political goals, even though the Aceh Party has succeeded in becoming the winner during the three post-conflict election periods, it has experienced a decrease in the number of seats in the Aceh DPR. Meanwhile, the Sinn Fein Party in the transformation of the post-conflict armed movement succeeded in retaining seats in the Northern Ireland Assembly and made history by occupying the first ministerial position since 1921. Meanwhile, with regard to the transformation of the armed movement into a political party, namely the Aceh Party and the Sinn Fein Party by looking at (demilitarization of organizational structure, democratization of decision-making, development of party organization and adaptation of strategies and objectives). The significance of Armed Rebellion theory, institutionalization and transformation of armed movements into relevant political parties is used in this research. This theory can help to see the change of armed movements to political parties in both post-conflict areas, although the results for the two are different, overall it can be categorized as successful. |
T-Muhammad Syuhada.pdf :: Unduh