Pergerakan sosial merupakan fenomena yang tidak dapat dikesampingkan dalam dinamika hubungan internasional pada saat ini. Pergerakan-pergerakan tersebut memiliki berbagai fokus, salah satu yang paling signifikan adalah pergerakan sosial yang membawa identitas dan tuntutan-tuntutan feminis. Perspektif feminis dalam Hubungan Internasional sendiri telah meletakkan bagaimana gender merupakan unit analisis yang sentral dalam dinamika politik internasional, termasuk bagaimana pergerakan sosial diusung dengan membawa identitas dan isu-isu gender, terutama yang berkisar di pengalaman perempuan. Asia merupakan satu kawasan dengan pergerakan feminis yang dinamis, sebagai kawasan yang sarat dengan isu-isu ketimpangan gender yang turut berlapis dengan aspek ketimpangan sosial lain, seperti politik, ekonomi, sosial, hingga budaya. Tulisan ini meninjau bagaimana pergerakan feminis di Asia merupakan suatu fenomena transnasional, regional, sekaligus lokal dan senantiasa mempengaruhi dinamika sosial dan politik, baik di Asia maupun di dunia internasional. Tulisan ini turut membingkai bagaimana perspektif feminis dalam Hubungan Internasional mampu dikembangkan, terutama dengan mempertimbangkan dinamika pergerakan feminis di kawasan Asia yang terbilang unik dan memiliki ciri khasnya tersendiri. Tulisan ini adalah tinjauan literatur akademik yang menggunakan metode pengorganisasian taksonomi serta mencakup 37 literatur akademik terakreditasi yang dikategorisasikan ke dalam tiga tema besar, yaitu: (1) keterkaitan pergerakan feminis di Asia dengan feminisme transnasional; (2) ragam isu pergerakan feminis di Asia, dan; (3) sifat khas pergerakan feminis di Asia. Penulis turut memetakan konsensus dan perdebatan yang muncul dari literatur-literatur yang ditinjau terkait bagaimana identitas feminis dimainkan di pergerakan-pergerakan di Asia hingga derajat inklusivitas pergerakan bagi seluruh gender. Penulis melihat bagaimana kajian akademik terkait pergerakan feminis di Asia dalam lingkup Hubungan Internasional masih terfragmentasi berdasar isu dan konteks sosial, politik, dan budaya dalam negara-negara di Asia. Di samping itu, penulis turut mengidentifikasi bagaimana pergerakan feminis di Asia masih sarat dengan berbagai tantangan dalam hal inklusivitas dan kohesi pergerakan. Dengan itu, penulis merekomendasikan agar penelitian terkait pergerakan feminis di Asia dalam kacamata Hubungan Internasional untuk diragamkan sekaligus saling dikaitkan untuk memunculkan perspektif dan perdebatan baru terkait topik tersebut.
Social movement is a phenomenon that cannot be ruled out in the current dynamics of international relations. These movements have various focuses, one of the most significant is the social movement that carries feminist identities and demands. The feminist perspective in International Relations has laid out how gender is a central unit of analysis in the dynamics of international politics, including how social movements are carried out by bringing gender identities and issues, especially those that revolve around women's experiences. Asia is an area with a dynamic feminist movement, as a region full of issues of gender inequality layered with other aspects of social inequality, such as political, economic, social, and cultural. This paper reviews how the feminist movement in Asia is a transnational, regional, as well as local phenomenon and greatly influences social and political dynamics, both in Asia and internationally. This paper also frames how a feminist perspective in International Relations can be developed, especially by considering the dynamics of the feminist movement in the Asian region which is unique and has its own characteristics. This paper is a collection of academic literature using a taxonomic organizing method and includes 37 accredited academic literature which are categorized into three major themes, namely: (1) the relationship between Asian feminist movements and transnational feminism; (2) various issues of feminist movement in Asia, and; (3) the characteristics of feminist movement in Asia. The author also provides the context and sense that emerge from the literature reviewed regarding how feminist identity is played in movements in Asia to the degree of inclusiveness of the movement for all genders. The author sees how academic studies related to feminist movements in Asia within the scope of International Relations are still fragmented based on social, political, and cultural issues and contexts in each Asian country. In addition, the author also identifies how the feminist movement in Asia is still full of challenges in terms of movement inclusiveness and cohesion. With that in mind, the author recommends that research related to feminist movement in Asia from the perspective of International Relations be diversified and mutually relate to bring up new perspectives and views on this topic. |
TA-Radhynka Andyaputri.pdf :: Unduh