Stunting merupakan bentuk malnutrisi yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia dan menyebabkan berbagai dampak buruk bagi kesehatan anak. Selain disebabkan karena kurangnya asupan gizi secara kronis, stunting juga dapat disebabkan oleh penyakit infeksi berulang. Upaya pencegahan penyakit infeksi seperti imunisasi akan turut berperan dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan anak khususnya di negara berkembang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat hubungan antara status imunisasi dasar dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain studi cross sectional dan menggunakan data sekunder SSGI Tahun 2021. Kriteria inklusi penelitian ini adalah balita berusia 12-59 bulan saat pengumpulan data, diukur tinggi badannya, tidak sedang mengalami sakit berat/kronis, dan memiliki data variabel yang lengkap. Sebanyak 70.267 balita memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan seluruhnya diambil sebagai sampel penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji cox regression untuk mendapatkan besar asosiasi prevalence ratio (PR) dengan interval kepercayaan 95%. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi stunting balita usia 12-59 bulan di Indonesia adalah 23,1% dan proporsi balita yang mempunyai status imunisasi dasar lengkap adalah 74,92%. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa status imunisasi dasar berhubungan signifikan secara statistik dengan kejadian stunting. Balita dengan status imunisasi dasar yang tidak lengkap berisiko 1,19 kali lebih tinggi untuk mengalami stunting dibandingkan balita dengan status imunisasi dasar lengkap [adjusted PR 1,19 (95% CI 1,15-1,23)]. Balita yang tidak imunisasi sama sekali mempunyai risiko yang lebih tinggi lagi yaitu 1,27 kali untuk mengalami stunting dibandingkan balita dengan status imunisasi dasar lengkap [adjusted PR 1,27 (95% CI 1,15-1,39)], setelah mengontrol variabel pendidikan ibu, status ekonomi dan berat lahir anak. Diperlukan upaya untuk melengkapi status imunisasi anak sesuai jadwal dan peningkatan pengetahuan ibu mengenai pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan, pemenuhan gizi balita dan stimulasi tumbuh kembang anak.
Stunting is a malnutrition that is still a public health problem in Indonesia and causes various adverse effects on children's health. Besides caused by a chronic lack of nutrition, stunting can also be caused by recurrent of infectious diseases. Efforts to prevent infectious diseases, such as immunization, will play a role in increasing child growth, especially in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between basic immunization status and the incidence of stunting in toddlers in Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional study design using secondary data from SSGI 2021. The inclusion criteria for this study were that toddlers were aged 12–59 months at the time of data collection, their height was measured, were not experiencing severe or chronic illness, and had complete variable data. A total of 70,267 toddlers met the inclusion criteria, and all were taken as research samples. Data analysis was performed using the Cox regression to obtain a prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% of confidence interval. This study shows that the prevalence of stunting among children aged 12–59 months in Indonesia is 23.1%, and the proportion of children under five who have complete basic immunization status is 74.92%. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that basic immunization status had a statistically significant association with the incidence of stunting. Toddlers with incomplete basic immunization status are at risk 1.19 times higher for stunting compared to toddlers with complete basic immunization status [adjusted PR 1.19 (95% CI 1.15–1.23)]. Toddlers who are not immunized at all have an even higher risk of experiencing stunting, which is 1.27 times higher compared to toddlers with complete basic immunization status [adjusted PR 1.27 (95% CI 1.15–1.39)], after controlling for variables such as the mother's education, economic status, and the child's birth weight. Efforts are needed to complete the child's immunization status on time according to schedule and increase the mother's knowledge regarding the use of health services, the fulfillment of toddler nutrition, and the stimulation of child growth and development. |
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