Tesis ini membahas dinamika perjuangan Kongres Wanita Indonesia dalam memperjuangkan hak pilih perempuan Indonesia tahun 1928–1955. Hak pilih merupakan salah satu wacana yang menjadi bagian dari perjuangan perempuan Indonesia melalui Kongres Perempuan Indonesia (setelah kemerdekaan: Kongres Wanita Indonesia) sebagai wadah persatuan pergerakan perempuan Indonesia. Keterwakilan perempuan dalam badan-badan perwakilan di masa Hindia Belanda terhambat oleh praktik diskriminasi berbasis gender, ras, dan kelas yang diterapkan pemerintah kolonial terkait hak politik perempuan. Adapun di masa kemerdekaan, pemerintah Republik menjamin kesetaraan hak seluruh warga negara, termasuk hak pilih perempuan dalam pemilihan umum. Hal ini kemudian turut memengaruhi perubahan arah dan corak gerakan Kongres Wanita Indonesia dalam upaya menjamin hak suara perempuan dan keterwakilan perempuan dalam badan-badan representatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah yang terdiri dari 4 langkah, yaitu: (1) heuristik; (2) kritik/verifikasi; (3) interpretasi; (4) historiografi. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan sumber arsip dan surat kabar sezaman menunjukkan bahwa hak pilih perempuan Indonesia yang diperjuangkan melalui Kongres Perempuan Indonesia diperoleh setelah melalui perjuangan panjang serta diberikan bertahap oleh pemerintah kolonial. Adapun di masa kemerdekaan, upaya Kongres Wanita Indonesia terkait hak pilih perempuan diarahkan pada pengawalan langkah pemerintah terkait kesetaraan hak politik perempuan dan keterwakilan perempuan dalam proses politik, termasuk pemilihan umum.
This thesis discusses the dynamics of the struggle of the Indonesian Women's Congress in fighting for Indonesian women's suffrage rights in 1928–1955. The right to vote is one of the discourses that became part of the Indonesian women's struggle through the Indonesian Women's Congress (after independence: the Indonesian Women's Congress) as a forum for the unity of the Indonesian women's movement. The representation of women in representative bodies during the Dutch East Indies era was hampered by the practice of discrimination based on gender, race, and class applied by the colonial government regarding women's political rights. During the independence period, the government of the Republic guaranteed equal rights for all citizens, including women's right to vote in general elections. This then contributed to changes in the direction and pattern of the Indonesian Women's Congress movement in the effort to guarantee women's voting rights and women's representation in representative bodies. This study uses historical research methods which consist of 4 steps, namely: (1) heuristics; (2) criticism/verification; (3) interpretation; (4) historiography. The results of research conducted using contemporary archival sources and newspapers show that the right to vote for Indonesian women, which was fought for through the Indonesian Women's Congress, was obtained after going through a long struggle and was granted gradually by the colonial government. As for the independence period, the efforts of the Indonesian Women's Congress regarding women's suffrage were directed at escorting government steps related to equality of women's political rights and representation of women in the political process, including general elections. |
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