Terapi konversi merupakan rangkaian praktik yang diklaim mampu mengubah orientasi seksual atau identitas gender individu. Orang-orang homoseksual dan kelompok gender minoritas menjadi sasarannya. Praktik itu berakar dari pandangan bahwa mereka memiliki kelainan yang perlu ‘disembuhkan’. Terapi konversi telah diwujudkan melalui pendekatan suntik hormon, kejutan listrik, konseling yang memaksa, dan praktik pengusiran setan. Namun, cara-cara itu ternyata mampu mengancam kesehatan mental serta fisik individu. Terapi ini telah menyebar di 68 negara, termasuk Prancis. Proposal undang-undang yang melarang terapi konversi telah diusulkan sejak Maret 2021 oleh Majelis Nasional Prancis. Pada 31 Januari 2022, Emmanuel Macron pun mengesahkan undang-undang tersebut dengan judul UU No. 2022-92. Dengan lahirnya undang-undang tersebut, diharapkan tindakan yang merugikan keselamatan kelompok gender minoritas akan berkurang. Penelitian ini ingin menyingkap keberpihakan, prinsip, dan nilai pemerintah sebagai pembuat undang-undang. Sumber data utama penelitian ini adalah UU No. 2022-92. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan teori analisis wacana kritis Norman Fairclough. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa pemerintah Prancis di bawah pimpinan Macron berupaya mengamalkan prinsip kebebasan individu dan mengangkat kesetaraan melalui undang-undang tersebut, khususnya bagi kelompok gender minoritas.
Conversion therapy is a set of practices that claim to change an individual's sexual orientation or gender identity. Homosexual people and gender minorities are the target. The practice stems from the view that they have a disorder which needs to be 'cured'. Conversion therapy has been done through hormone injections, electric shocks, coercive counseling, and exorcism practices. However, these methods can threaten the mental as well as physical health of individuals. This therapy has spread in 68 countries, including France. A proposal for a law banning conversion therapy has been proposed since March 2021 by French National Assembly. On January 31, 2022, Emmanuel Macron passed the law under the title La Loi 2022-92. With the passage of the law, it is hoped that actions detrimental to the safety of gender minorities will be reduced. Through this research, the author aims to show the polemics that occurred after the law banning conversion therapy was passed. The main data source of this research is La Loi 2022-92. The research method used is qualitative method with Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis theory. The results reveal that the French government under Macron's leadership seeks to practice the principle of individual freedom through the law, especially for gender minority groups. However, La Loi 2022-92 has not really guaranteed their safety in the freedom to express their identity. With the law, Macron as one of the agents of power was able to build a discourse formation that triggered an increase in support for gender minority groups for him in the French Presidential Election 2022. |
MK-Lestari.pdf :: Unduh