Risiko kesalahan penggunaan obat pada praktik swamedikasi untuk pasien anak cukup besar meliputi pemilihan obat hingga regimen dosis yang berdampak negatif pada keselamatan pasien. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku swamedikasi dapat dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap yang dimiliki oleh pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengetahuan, sikap, terhadap perilaku pelaksanaan swamedikasi obat batuk, flu, dan demam pada anak-anak di wilayah Jabodetabek. Desain penelitian menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional dengan metode mixed method tipe embedded design. Data diperoleh dengan teknik consecutive sampling menggunakan kuesioner yang telah memenuhi syarat valid dan reliabel melalui uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Data primer diperoleh melalui kuesioner yang diisi oleh 239 orang tua di Jabodetabek dan dianalisis menggunakan program IBM®SPSS® versi 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas responden menunjukkan pengetahuan (70,7%), sikap (84,1%), dan perilaku (94,6%) yang baik terkait swamedikasi anak. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dan sikap (p = <0.001; r = 0.494), pengetahuan dan perilaku (p = <0.001; r = 0.278), serta sikap dan perilaku (p = <0.001; r = 0.381) terkait swamedikasi anak. Semakin baik pengetahuan dan sikap orang tua terhadap swamedikasi, semakin baik perilaku mereka dalam melakukan swamedikasi pada anak. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dalam pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku swamedikasi antara responden berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, dan pendapatan (p <0.05). Namun, tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan dan status pekerjaan (p >0.05). Studi ini memberikan pemahaman tentang pola swamedikasi pada orang tua di Jabodetabek, serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku swamedikasi.
The risk of medication errors in self-medication practices for pediatric patients is significant, including issues related to drug selection and dosing regimens that can negatively impact patient safety. Several studies have shown that self-medication practices can be influenced by the level of knowledge and attitudes held by patients. This research aims to analyze the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to self-medication for cough, flu, and fever medications in children in the Jabodetabek area. The design of this research is cross-sectional with a mixed-methods embedded design. Data was collected by using consecutive sampling technique using questionnaire that had fulfilled the validity and reliability test. Primary data was obtained from 239 parents in the Jabodetabek area and analyzed using IBM® SPSS® version 26. The research findings indicate that the majority of respondents demonstrated good knowledge (70.7%), attitudes (84.1%), and behaviors (94.6%) regarding self-medication practices for children. There were significant positive correlation between knowledge and attitudes (p = <0.001; r = 0.494), knowledge and behaviors (p = <0.001; r = 0.278), as well as attitudes and behaviors (p = <0.001; r = 0.381) regarding self-medication practices for children. The better the knowledge and attitudes of parents towards self-medication, the better their behaviors in practicing self-medication. There were significant correlation in knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to self-medication among respondents based on age, gender, and income (p <0.05). However, no significant differences were found based on education level and employment status (p >0.05). This study provides insights into the patterns of self-medication practices among parents in the Jabodetabek area. |
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