Pada penelitian ini, penulis ingin melihat pola hubungan antara variabel pertumbuhan ekonomi dan proxy foreign finance terhadap tingkat emisi karbon di negara OKI. Penulis menggunakan 22 negara OKI sebagai sampel dan menggunakan data dari tahun 1995-2019. Variabel independen yang digunakan adalah PDB per kapita, foreign direct investment, net foreign asset, dan official development assistance. Untuk menunjang hasil analisis dan merepresentasikan sektor penghasil greenhouse gases terbesar penulis juga menggunakan variabel kontrol sebagai berupa proxy tingkat pendidikan tersier, rasio lahan hutan, trade openness, dan penggunaan energi terbarukan di masing-masing negara. Penulis menggunakan metode panel OLS fixed-effect, GMM, dan IV-FE. Pada variabel PDB per kapita, hasil yang ditemukan mengonfirmasi teori EKC dan penelitian sebelumnya dengan pola hubungan terhadap emisi karbon membentuk huruf N. Penulis menemukan bahwa pola hubungan variabel proxy foreign finance tidak signifikan secara statistik dan mayoritas membentuk huruf U sehingga berbeda dengan pola hubungan yang ditunjukkan pada penelitian negara-negara OECD.
In this paper, the author would like to conduct an analysis on the relationship pattern between economic growth and foreign finance proxies towards carbon emission level in OIC countries. This paper will use 22 OIC countries as samples and the data ranges from 1995-2019. Independent variables used in this paper are GDP per capita, foreign direct investment, net foreign asset, and official development assistance. To support the analysis, the author will also use three control variables that are proxies to education, trade openness, forest land ratio, and renewable energy consumption. The analysis will be conducted by using OLS fixed-effect, GMM, and IV-FE methods. It is found that GDP per capita is significant towards carbon emissions level and the result confirms EKC theory and curve. It also confirms several previous studies. The pattern resulted from the analysis of GDP per capita on carbon emissions level shaped like the letter N. On the other hand, all three foreign finance proxies were found statistically not significant towards carbon emission level. However, the author found that the results were dominated with U-shaped pattern instead of inverse U. |
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