Utilisasi kamar operasi merupakan bagian yang penting dalam proses pelayanan di rumah sakit, oleh karena itu kinerja di kamar operasi yang memadai dapat berpengaruh terhadap kualitas mutu pelayanan Rumah Sakit. Keterlambatan pelayanan operasi elektif tentunya akan membuat kualitas mutu pelayanan di kamar operasi menjadi menurun, padahal kamar operasi sebagai salah satu unit di rumah sakit yang memiliki peran strategis dalam meningkatkan mutu pelayanan secara keseluruhan. Dengan menggunakan metode Lean Six Sigma dengan pendekatan DMAIC penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengetahui alur prosedur pelayanan di kamar operasi RSUD Cilegon, selain itu teridentifikasi value added, non-value added dan waste yang terjadi pada pelayanan di kamar operasi sehingga didapatkan faktor penyebab waste yang terjadi melalui analisis kemudian ditemukan rekomendasi usulan perbaikan yang sesuai dengan masalah yang teridentifikasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data yang didapatkan melalui pengamatan dan pencatatan waktu keterlambatan operasi elektif di RSUD Cilegon, serta menggali informasi secara mendalam dan rinci kepada informan baik informan dalam maupun pasien penerima layanan operasi elektif di RSUD Cilegon dan melakukan telaah dokumen. Dilakukan observasi dan wawancara mendalam terhadap 20 pasien yang menjalani operasi elektif di RSUD Cilegon di shift yang berbeda – beda setiap harinya. Pemilihan informan dilakukan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, dan kemudian dilakukan wawancara kepada pasien sehingga didapatkan value perspektif customersesuai dengan prinsip metode Lean Six Sigma. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis untuk mendapat faktor penyebab adanya keterlambatan pelayanan operasi elektif menggunakan fishbone diagram yang dikelompokkan ke dalam kategori Man, Machine, Method, Money dan Environment sehingga penyebab masalah yang teridentifikasi dapat dirumuskan prioritas usulan perbaikan yang sesuai dan perlu dilakukan. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di bulan Mei-Juni 2023 didapatkan rata-rata total value added pada proses persiapan hingga pelayanan operasi elektif di RSUD Cilegon yaitu selama 40,8 menit atau sebesar 27,36% dari total waktu yang dihabisakan oleh pasien yang menjalani persiapan hingga dilakukan pembedahan. Sedangkan rata-rata total non-value-added yang didapatkan adalah selama 108,3 menit atau sebanyak 72,64% dari total waktu yang dihabiskan pasien sejak persiapan dan konsultasi hingga pasien mendapatkan pelayanan operasi. Beberapa faktor yang menjadi penyebab adanya non-value added dan waste yang terjadi adalah kegiatan menunggu pemanggilan dari kamar operasi, keterlambatan dokter operator dan anestesi yang masih melakukan praktik atau menangani pasien lain, serta menunggu jawaban konsul operator atau anestesi. Selain itu kemampuan petugas di kamar operasi yang belum merata juga menyebabkan terjadinya waste, selain itu ketersediaan alat, BHP dan fasilitas pendukung kegiatan operasi elektif yang terbatas turut mendukung adanya waste dan mengakibatkan banyaknya non-value-added yang teridentifikasi sehingga menyebabkan keterlambatan dimulainya operasi elektif. Peneliti mengharapkan strategi perbaikan yang telah diberikan dapat terus diterapkan untuk memperbaiki dan mengeliminasi kegiatan non value added yang terjadi yaitu dengan memberlakukan pengurangan indikator kinerja kepada petugas yang terlambat sehingga akan berdampak pada remunerasi petugas, selain itu diharapkan tersedia penanggung jawab akan jadwal kegiatan operasi sehingga dapat mengingatkan dokter operator maupun anestesi agar datang tepat waktu, penerapan diklat yang mempunyai target tercapainya kompetensi sehingga kompetensi petugas yang diperlukan terpenuhi, dan pengadaaan alat rutin yang dapat dilakukan secara berkala demi mencukupi kebutuhan di pelayanan operasi.
Operating room utilization is an important part of the hospital service process. Therefore, adequate performance in the operating room can affect the quality of hospital services. Delays in elective surgery services will certainly make the quality of service in the operating room decrease, even though the operating room as one of the units in the hospital has a strategic role in improving the overall quality of service. By using the Lean Six Sigma method and the Value Stream Mapping approach, this study aims to find out the flow of service procedures in the Cilegon Hospital operating room, in addition to identifying value added, non-value added and waste that occurs in services in the operating room so that the factors that cause waste are identified. This occurs through analysis which then finds recommendations for improvements that are in accordance with the problems identified. This research is a qualitative research with data collection methods obtained through observing and recording the delay in elective surgery at Cilegon Hospital, as well as digging in-depth and detailed information to informants both inside informants and patients receiving elective surgery services at Cilegon Hospital and conducting a document review. Observations and in-depth interviews were carried out with 20 patients undergoing elective surgery at Cilegon Hospital in different shifts every day. The selection of informants was carried out using a purposive sampling technique, and then conducted interviews with patients in order to obtain a customer perspective value in accordance with the principles of the Lean Six Sigma method. The data obtained is then analyzed to obtain the factors causing the delay in elective operating services using fishbone diagrams which are grouped into the Man, Machine, Method, Money and Environment categories so that the causes of the identified problems can be formulated priority recommendations for improvements that are suitable and need to be carried out. The results of research conducted in May-June 2023 obtained an average total value added in the preparation process to elective surgery services at Cilegon Hospital, namely for 40.8 minutes or 27.36% of the total time spent by patients undergoing preparation to surgery was performed. Meanwhile, the total non-value-added average obtained was 108.3 minutes or as much as 72.64% of the total time spent by patients from preparation and consultation to patients receiving surgical services. Some of the factors that cause non-value added and waste that occur are activities waiting to be called from the operating room, delays in operating doctors or anesthesiologists who are still practicing or treating other patients, and waiting for the operator or anesthesiologist's consult. In addition, the uneven ability of officers in the operating room also causes waste to occur, and the limited availability of tools, consumable part and supporting facilities for elective surgery also supports the presence of waste and results in many non-value-added being identified which causes delays in the beginning of elective operations. The researcher hopes that the improvement strategies that have been provided can continue to be applied to improve and eliminate non-value-added activities that occur, namely by imposing a reduction in performance indicators for officers who are late so that it will have an impact on employee remuneration. reminding the operator and anesthetist to come on time, implementing training that has the target of achieving competence so that the necessary competence of officers is fulfilled, and procuring routine equipment that can be carried out periodically to meet the needs in operating services. |
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