Studi ini bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi kebijakan penurunan tarif bea masuk impor, penurunan biaya transaksi perdagangan dan gabungan penurunan tarif bea masuk impor dan penurunan biaya transaksi perdagangan. Penulis mengkaji dampak kebijakan-kebijakan ini terhadap kinerja perekonomian, kemiskinan, dan ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan dengan menggunakan pendekatan komputasi keseimbangan umum.Penulis menemukan bahwa kebijakan penurunan tarif bea masuk impor di sektor pertanian dan di sektor industri pertanian meningkatkan kinerja perekonomian. Sementara itu kebijakan penurunan tarif bea masuk impor di sektor industri non pertanian menurunkan PDB riil. Kebijakan penurunan biaya transaksi perdagangan dan gabungan penurunan tarif bea masuk impor dan penurunan biaya transaksi perdagangan meningkatkan kinerja perekonomian dengan besaran yang lebih besar. Insiden kemiskinan di perkotaan menurun namun di perdesaan dan di tingkat nasional meningkat akibat kebijakan penurunan tarif di sektor pertanian. Kebijakan penurunan tarif di sektor industri pertanian menunjukkan penurunan insiden kemiskinan di perkotaan dan di tingkat nasional namun netral di perdesaan. Sementara itu penurunan tarif di sektor industri non pertanian menunjukkan penurunan kemiskinan di perkotaan, di perdesaan dan di tingkat nasional. Kebijakanan penurunan biaya transaksi perdagangan dan gabungan penurunan tarif bea masuk impor dan biaya transaksi perdagangan menurunkan insiden kemiskinan di perkotaan, di perdesaan dan di tingkat nasional dengan keuntungan lebih besar pada rumah tangga di perdesaan.Ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan di perdesaan meningkat akibat penurunan tarif di sektor pertanian, penurunan tarif di sektor industri pertanian dan menurun akibat penurunan tarif di sektor industri non pertanian, penurunan biaya transaksi perdagangan, gabungan penurunan tarif di sektor industri pertanian dan biaya transaksi perdagangan, gabungan penurunan tarif di sektor industri non pertanian dan biaya transaksi perdagangan serta netral akibat gabungan penurunan tarif di sektor pertanian dan biaya transaksi perdagangan. Sementara itu ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan di perkotaan meningkat akibat penurunan tarif di sektor pertanian, gabungan penurunan tarif di sektor pertanian dan biaya transaksi perdagangan, gabungan penurunan tarif di sektor industri pertanian dan biaya transaksi perdagangan dan menurun akibat penurunan tarif di sektor industri non pertanian, gabungan penurunan tarif di sektor industri non pertanian dan biaya transaksi perdagangan serta netral akibat penurunan tarif di sektor industri pertanian, penurunan biaya transaksi perdagangan.
This study aims to evaluate the policy to reduce import tariffs, reduction in trade transaction costs and the combined reduction in import tariffs and reduced trade transaction costs. Author examines the impact of these policies on the performance of the economy, poverty, and inequality of income distribution using computational general equilibrium approach.The authors found that the policy of reduction in import tariffs in the agricultural sector and in the agricultural industry sector improve economic performance. While the policy to reduction in import tariffs on non-agricultural sector lowers real GDP. Policy to reduction in trade transaction costs and the combined reduction in import tariffs and trade transaction costs increase the performance of the economy. The incidence of poverty in urban and rural decline but at a national level rise due to tariffs reduction policies in the agricultural sector. Tariffs reduction policies in the agricultural sector showed a decrease in the incidence of poverty in urban areas and at the national level but is neutral in the rural areas. While the policy to reduction in import tariffs on non agricultural sector showed a decline in urban poverty, in rural areas and at the national level. Policy to eduction in trade transaction costs and the combined reduction in import tariffs and trade transaction costs reduce the incidence of poverty in urban areas, in rural areas and at the national level with a greater advantage in rural households.Inequality of income distribution in rural areas increased due to tariffs reduction in agriculture sector, tariffs reduction in agriculture industrial sector and decreased due to tariffs reduction policies in the non agricultural sector, reduction in trade transaction costs, the combined tariffs reduction in the agriculture industry sector and trade transaction costs, the combined tariffs reduction in the non-agricultural industry sector and trade transaction costs as well as neutral due to the combined tariffs reduction in the agriculture sector and trade transaction costs. While the inequality of income distribution in urban areas increased due to tariffs reduction in the agriculture sector, the combined tariffs reduction in the agriculture sector and trade transaction costs, the combined tariffs reduction in the agriculture industry sector and trade transaction costs and decrease due to reduction in import tariffs of non agricultural sector, the combined tariffs reduction in the non-agricultural industry sector and trade transaction costs as well as neutral due to tariffs reduction in the agricultural sector, reduction in trade transaction costs. |
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