Meski tragedi 9/11 telah berlalu, memori tentangnya masih tetap ada. Dengan membongkar konstruksi memori 9/11 dalam dua novel anak yakni United We Stand (2009) dan Towers Falling (2016), penelitian ini bermaksud untuk melihat dinamika identitas bangsa Amerika yang terefleksikan melalui konstruksi memori tersebut. Hasil analisi menunjukkan bahwa memori 9/11 dalam kedua novel dikonstruksikan melalui dua sudut pandang yakni sudut pandang institusi dan personal. Melalui sudut pandang institusi memori 9/11 dikonstruksi dalam framing aksi teror, pengalaman traumatis, sejarah, dan persatuan bangsa. Melalui sudut pandang personal memori 9/11 dikonstruksi dalam framing pengalaman traumatis, American Dream, dan kepahlawanan. Konstruksi memori tersebut merefleksikan pandangan teks terhadap identitas bangsa Amerika. Di satu sisi, identitas bangsa Amerika sebagai bangsa adidaya terus dipertahankan di kedua novel. Di sisi lain, American Dream sebagai bagian dari identitas bangsa Amerika mengalami pergeseran makna. Pergeseran tersebut berkaitan dengan isu rasial yang berkembang seiring waktu di Amerika. American Dream dalam United We Stand cenderung memihak pada kulit putih (white supremacy) sedangkan American Dream dalam Towers Falling cenderung bersifat multikultural meski juga terdapat ambivalensi di dalamnya. Dengan demikian, pergeseran tersebut memperlihatkan bahwa identitas bangsa Amerika terbilang dinamis.
Although the 9/11 tragedy has passed, the memory remains. By analyzing the 9/11 memory construction in two children's novels United We Stand (2009) and Falling Towers (2016), this study intends to show American identities reflected from the novels. The results show that the 9/11 memories in both novels are constructed through two perspectives; institutional and personal. From institutional perspective, the 9/11 memory is constructed in four frames; acts of terror, traumatic experiences, history, and unity. From personal perspective, the 9/11 memory is constructed in three frames: traumatic experiences, the American Dream, and heroism. The memory construction reflects the texts’ views of American national identity. On one hand, American identity as a superpower country continues to be maintained in both novels. On the other hand, the American Dream as part of American identity experienced a shift in meaning. This shift is related to racial issues that have developed over time in America. The American Dream in United We Stand tends to side with white people (white supremacy). On the contrary, the American Dream in Towers Falling tends to be multicultural even though there is also ambivalence in it. This shift shows that American identity is dynamic. |
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