Kanker serviks merupakan penyebab kematian terbesar kedua dan merupakan salah satu beban biaya kesehatan terbesar di Indonesia. Kanker serviks merupakan kondisi yang disebabkan oleh infeksi HPV. Oleh karena itu, pencegahan infeksi virus dapat dilakukan dengan vaksinasi HPV serta pemeriksaan skrining secara rutin. Desain penelitian ini potong lintang. Penelitian mengambil subjek wanita yang berobat ke Poliklinik Ginekologi dan Onkologi Departemen Obstetri dan Ginekologi RSCM tahun 2021—2022 dan didapatkan total 193 subjek untuk dianalisis. Data yang termasuk dalam analisis adalah usia, pendidikan, jumlah pernikahan, paritas, riwayat keguguran, riwayat KB, riwayat vaksinasi HPV, riwayat skrining dengan tes DNA HPV, dan temuan kelainan serviks. Didapatkan proporsi temuan non-neoplastik dan neoplastik serviks beruturut-turut adalah 3,1% dan 96,9%. Ditemukan hubungan vaksinasi HPV terhadap kejadian kelainan serviks berupa OR 0,022 (IK95% 0,002-0,194; nilai P 0,005), dan hubungan riwayat skrining tes DNA HPV dengan temuan kelainan serviks berupa OR 0,033 (IK95% 0,004-0,252; nilai P 0,008). Riwayat vaksinasi HPV, riwayat skrining kanker serviks, dan tingkat pendidikan berhubungan dengan temuan kelainan serviks (prakanker dan kanker).
Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death and one of the biggest health cost burdens in Indonesia. Cervical cancer is a condition caused by HPV infection. Therefore, prevention of viral infection can be done with HPV vaccination as well as regular screening examinations. The design of this study was cross-sectional. The study took female subjects who sought treatment at the Gynecology and Oncology Polyclinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of RSCM in 2021-2022 and obtained a total of 193 subjects for analysis. Data included in the analysis were age, education, number of marriages, parity, history of abortion, history of contraception, history of HPV vaccination, history of screening with HPV DNA test, and findings of cervical abnormalities. The proportions of cervical non-neoplastic and neoplastic findings were 3.1% and 96.9%, respectively. The association of HPV vaccination with the incidence of cervical abnormalities was OR 0.022 (95% CI 0.002-0.194; P value 0.005), and the association of HPV DNA test screening history with cervical abnormalities was OR 0.033 (95% CI 0.004-0.252; P value 0.008). HPV vaccination history, cervical cancer screening history, and education level are associated with findings of cervical abnormalities (precancerous and cancerous). |
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