Pada 3 September 2016, melalui executive agreement, Obama secara resmi meratifikasi Paris Agreement di tingkat domestik AS. Dalam beragam dokumen, retorika, dan analisis lembaga penelitian, hingga pejabat publik AS, keanggotaan Paris Agreement didasarkan pada tiga kepentingan; (1) tingginya kontribusi emisi global AS; (2) utilisasi mekanisme institusi bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi; dan (3) proaktivitas hegemon dalam menyediakan barang publik internasional sebagai stimulus stabilitas tatanan. Namun demikian, pada Juni 2017, Donald Trump memutuskan untuk menarik AS dari Paris Agreement, memutarbalikkan pendekatan aktif-pasif AS dalam isu diplomasi kebijakan iklim internasional. Maka dari itu, skripsi ini hadir untuk mempertanyakan mengapa AS (Trump) menarik diri dari Paris Agreement. Dengan menggunakan metode penelusuran proses kausal, penulis membangun kerangka analisis perubahan kebijakan luar negeri. Adapun alasan keputusan penarikan diri, yakni; perubahan posisi relatif internasional (distribusi kekuatan, dan stabilitas tatanan) AS yang mendorong pembaharuan pendekatan/strategi besar kebijakan luar negeri AS secara menyeluruh; kritik, dan advokasi sektor bisnis yang terdampak oleh regulasi lingkungan komplementer keanggotaan AS dalam Paris Agreement; minimnya tingkat institusionalisasi Paris Agreement di AS (minim check and balance bagi executive agreement); dan solusi figur perumus kebijakan anti-globalis terhadap perubahan (Trump), untuk mengurangi komitmen internasional AS.
On September 3, 2016, through an executive agreement, Obama officially ratified the Paris Agreement at the domestic level in the United States. Across diverse documents, rhetoric, and analyses from research institutions to U.S. public officials, the membership in the Paris Agreement was predicated upon three interests: (1) the high contribution of U.S. global emissions; (2) the utilization of institutional mechanisms for economic growth; and (3) the proactive role of the hegemon in providing international public goods as a stimulus for the stability of the order. Nevertheless, in June 2017, Donald Trump decided to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement, thereby reversing the active-passive approach of the U.S. in international climate policy diplomacy. Consequently, this thesis aims to inquire into why the U.S. (under Trump) withdrew from the Paris Agreement. Employing a method of causal process tracing, the author constructs an analytical framework for foreign policy change. The reasons for the withdrawal decision include changes in the relative international position (distribution of power and stability of the order) of the U.S., prompting a comprehensive renewal of the overall approach/strategy to U.S. foreign policy; critiques and advocacy from business sectors affected by complementary environmental regulations in the Paris Agreement; the limited institutionalization of the Paris Agreement in the U.S. (lacking checks and balances for executive agreements); and the anti-globalist policy maker's response to change (Trump), aiming to reduce U.S. international commitments. |
S-Sitinjak, David Liberty.pdf :: Unduh