Todorova, Elissaveta
The Bulgarians in the ottoman empire
Sofia press, 1987
 Buku Teks
Somel, Selcuk Aksin
Historical dictionary of the Ottoman Empire
Scarecrow Press, 2012
 Buku Teks
Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
edited by Gabor Agoston, Bruce Masters
Facts On File, 2009
 Buku Referensi
Faroqhi, Suraiya, 1941-
The Ottoman Empire and the world around it
I.B. Tauris, 2016
 Buku Teks
Carcopino, Jerome
Daily life in ancient Rome : the people and the city at the height of the empire
Penguin Books, 1956
 Buku Teks